This is referred to the viruses which are sexually transferred are being referred to as sexually transmitted blood borne virus.
Vulnerable Group
Population
It is estimated that every day more than 1 million STIs are acquired globally. Moreover, the estimation is of 374 million new infections every year. One of every 4 of these infections are gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis (World Health Organization, 2019). In Australia, chlamydia is a common infection with approximately 97000 men and women being diagnosed with it per year (Health Direct, 2019). The cases were stable from 2011 to 2015, however, it increased by 13% between 2015 and 2017. In 2017, the prevalence was higher among women (441.8 per 100000) in comparison to men (349.9 per 100000). Geographically, from 2013-2017, the cases decreased by 5% in outer an inner regional area while in major cities it increased by 20% (Australian Government Department of Health, 2018). Sexually Transmitted Blood Borne Virus Example Paper
Community
In 2017, the prevalence of chlamydia in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population was 2.8 times (1193.9 per 100000) in comparison to the non-indigenous population (427 per 100000). This prevalence increases to 5 times higher in remote areas. Additionally, the disease prevalence is 3.8 times higher in women in the age group of 15-19 and 2.7 times higher in women in the age group of 20-29 in the indigenous community in comparison to the non-indigenous community (Australian Government Department of Health, 2018). Studies show that the risk factors for indigenous people (both men and women) for chlamydia include being heterosexual and younger in age (O’Connor et al., 2014).
Community
The main reasons behind higher prevalence of STIs in Aboriginals include (1) the barrier of language in accessing healthcare services; (2) lack of education to know and ask the right questions; (3) less frequent visits of doctors and nurses and change of staff owing to which Aboriginals might feel embarrassed to share their stories repeatedly to different people; (4) lack of education and services in remote areas, 80% of STI cases in among Aboriginals are in remote areas; (5) difficulty to reach doctor and nurses regarding these issues for the stigma that is attached to visiting a sexual health clinic; and (6) small communities share close relationships, hence, it is possible that patients hesitate to visit clinics for a fear that the staff there knows them personally and their confidentiality would be broken (Jens Korff, Creative Spirits, 2019). This shows that there are language and cultural barriers involved in the care of Aboriginals with chlamydia. Additionally, the major impact of STIs like chlamydia can be on the women of the Aboriginal community since they might get blamed for the disease and consequential infertility. This may lead to divorce, abandonment, or violence.
Role of nurse
The role of a nurse in preventing and reducing the prevalence of chlamydia among the Aboriginal community is that (1) they can educate people on the importance of safe sex and help to reduce the stigma around this topic; (2) nurses are skilled at communication, they can communicate with youngsters and help them reach out to them more freely; (3) they can practice cultural responsiveness to help Aboriginals be more open and feel respected; (4) involve patients from aboriginal communities in decisions regarding their healthcare to increase their trust in the healthcare system and give them more access to care (Durey et al., 2016).
To reduce the social impact on aboriginal women, nurses can (1) provide the victimized women with a safe and comfortable environment and develop with them a mutually respectable and confidential relationship; (2) provide psychological support to the women; (3) try to communicate with the family and help them see rationale; and (4) help the women voice her feelings, fear, concerns and how she copes with them (Jiménez-Rodríguez et al., 2020).
Population
The main causes of rising chlamydia in Australia include an increase in diagnostic testing, an increase in online dating that ultimately increases people’s sexual network, and no or the wrong use of condoms; studies show that more than half of younger people who used condoms used it incorrectly (Callander, 2017). This shows that there is a need to increase people’s (especially youngsters) awareness of safe sex and the risk of STIs. The major impact can be seen on the younger population because they are at a higher risk of indulging in online dating and have incorrect or incomplete knowledge about protection.
Role of Nurse
Healthcare providers including nurses can help to decrease the burden of the infection by ensuring that they duly account for the sexual history of clients in their initial visit and perform routine preventive tests. If they notice any potential signs of an STD, they must discuss with their patients the 5Ps (practices, partners, protection, pregnancy prevention, and history of STDs). The role of the nurse is to educate patients regarding sexually transmitted diseases. Nurses can play a crucial role in increasing the screening for disease (Rowe, Newberry & Jnah, 2018, pp.438-445). Moreover, they can provide treatment and collaborate with various health care professionals to provide appropriate care (Tanfelde & Garfield, 2020, pp.19-26). Nurses can also help minimize the impact of social stigma by providing informed, confidential, and sensitive care, and by promoting sexual health. Essential medical care administrations are perceived as playing a focal part in sexual wellbeing.
Nurses can encourage the testing of STDs among youngsters. They can educate them about the importance of indulging in safe sexual behaviour by being careful during online dating. They can also teach the population about the correct use of protection and contraception. They can increase awareness about the risks involved in having more than one sexual partner among youth.
SMART Goals
To educate people on the importance of indulging in safe sex and access healthcare services if need be and openly share their history and symptoms with the healthcare professionals.
To make the healthcare services more culturally responsive towards aboriginals, promote healthy sexual behaviors, increase the community’s capacity, and increase their access to health services.
Strategies
Resources
The resources needed for this task would be:
Evaluation
The results of these goals can be evaluated through surveys to find out the change in cases of the disease in the population of Australia. There can be surveys to find out the change in the number of Aboriginals accessing the healthcare services and the level of their satisfaction with those services.
Reference list
Australian Government Department of Health (2018). Chlamydia. [online] Australian Government Department of Health. Available at: https://www.health.gov.au/resources/pregnancy-care-guidelines/part-g-targeted-maternal-health-tests/chlamydia.
Bryan, E.R., McLachlan, R.I., Rombauts, L., Katz, D.J., Yazdani, A., Bogoevski, K., Chang, C., Giles, M.L., Carey, A.J., Armitage, C.W., Trim, L.K., McLaughlin, E.A. and Beagley, K.W. (2019). Detection of chlamydia infection within human testicular biopsies. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), [online] 34(10), pp.1891–1898. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31586185/.
Callander, D. (2017). Why are STIs on the rise in Australia? ABC News. [online] 15 Aug. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/health/2017-08-16/why-are-stis-on-the-rise-in-australia/8774378.
Durey, A., McEvoy, S., Swift-Otero, V., Taylor, K., Katzenellenbogen, J. and Bessarab, D. (2016). Improving healthcare for Aboriginal Australians through effective engagement between community and health services. BMC Health Services Research, [online] 16(1), pp.1–13. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4936288/.
Health Direct (2019). Chlamydia. [online] Healthdirect.gov.au. Available at: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/chlamydia.
Jens Korff, Creative Spirits (2019). Aboriginal sexual health. [online] Creative Spirits. Available at: https://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/health/aboriginal-sexual-health.
Jiménez-Rodríguez, D., Belmonte García, M.T., Santillán García, A., Plaza del Pino, F.J., Ponce-Valencia, A. and Arrogante, O. (2020). Nurse Training in Gender-Based Violence Using Simulated Nursing Video Consultations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), p.8654.
O’Connor, C.C., Ali, H., Guy, R.J., Templeton, D.J., Fairley, C.K., Chen, M.Y., Dickson, B.M., Marshall, L.J., Grulich, A.E., Hellard, M.E., Kaldor, J.M., Donovan, B. and Ward, J.S. (2014). High chlamydia positivity rates in Indigenous people attending Australian sexual health services. Medical Journal of Australia, 200(10), pp.595–598.
Olson-Chen, C., Balaram, K. and Hackney, D.N. (2018). Chlamydia trachomatis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Meta-analysis of Patients With and Without Infection. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 22(6), pp.812–821.
Rowe, C.R., Newberry, D.M. and Jnah, A.J. (2018). Congenital Syphilis. Advances in Neonatal Care, 18(6), pp.438–445. Sexually Transmitted Blood Borne Virus Example Paper