Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Essay

Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare field The Many Faces of Healthcare Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Carl Hooks Rasmussen College Author Note This research is being submitted on September 16, 2010, for Vicky Philips English class at Rasmussen College by Carl Hooks Cultural diversity in the medical field is, at times, greatly hindered because of religious beliefs, language barriers, and the hierarchies of diverse cultures and these have the propensity to affect the continuity of care for the patients.“Every person has different aspects that constitute their identities, according to how they see themselves…. Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Essay.

Nursing personnel, in particular, have to take into consideration any and all cultural differences between the patient and the nursing staff. These differences vary in as many ways as there are different ethnic groups in any particular area. Religious beliefs can hinder the nursing care of patients. There are many different religious beliefs in as many different religions. The religious belief most common in the United States, of course, is the Jehovah Witness who refuses transfusions.

This religion has a strong belief in preserving the soul before the body. Other religions have other beliefs that we may not understand, but need to respect and try to work around to care for the patient. “If people believe it is God who confers both health and illness, it may be very difficult to get them to take their medication or change their behavior…. they would see no point worrying about high blood pressure or bacteria when moral behavior is the key to good health. ” (Galanti, 2001). This kind of belief will impede the medical staff and their approach to a medical cure.

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Whenever possible, staff should attempt of incorporate both religious beliefs and medicine to care for the patient. For the most part (miracles do happen), religious beliefs can delay the care and health of the patient, and leaves the health professionals with a huge dilemma about what to do, and greatly delays the healing process. To understand how religion plays a role in the care given to the patient is to give better care for our patients. Consequently, the vast majority of people do believe in some sort of religion, whether it is God or some other higher power.Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Essay.  Cultural factors stemming from religious beliefs and practices can have an intense impact on health. ” (Abdoul and Abdoul, 2010). There may come a time when the medical staff has to provide a towel (prayer matt) and a quiet place to pray to a culture that does not consider the common hospital chapel an appropriate place to pray.

In some religious, “It is commonly believed that illness is sent from God as retribution for sins since God is viewed as the afflicter as well as healer. ” (Abdoul and Abloul,2010). Food also plays a big part in some religions which go beyond the traditional Jewish mother’s chicken soup. …. it is important to know that religious beliefs and practices can influence food choice, as there may be individuals within a group that observe strict dietary requirements. ” (Black, 2010). All religious back grounds should be taken into consideration and, whenever possible, be provided for, and this will aid in promoting effective health care. Language barriers pose great difficulties when communicating with patients. It is imperative that both patient and nursing staff understand exactly what is being said. For this reason an appropriate trained or certified interpreter should be utilized whenever possible.

Health care workers are experiencing more language difficulties than ever before. “Fully 54 million Americans…. roughly 20 percent of the population…. do not speak English at home. ” (Armand and Hubbard,2010). With the exception of California, Texas, and Florida, which have over 43 percent of the population, that are classified LEP (limited English proficient). Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Essay. The interpreter should be trained to interpret on the patients behalf. Family members, at times, can be of great assistance, but then HIPPA comes into play.

The patient may not want a particular family member to know about their health problems. The language barrier does inhibit sufficient care, and this should be addressed with the utmost of care and consideration for both the medical staff and patient. Insuring that the patient fully understands what is being done to them is of great importance. As patients, they have the right to understand what is being done and why. Informed consent must be given; the patient should be able to repeat what they have been informed of before the procedure is done. Currently “only 33 percent of U.

S. hospitals have quality improvement efforts underway to improve the quality of their language access programs. ” (Armand and Hubbard, 2010). The goal of the interpreter is to assure that the LEP patient has no doubts or concerns and totally understands what is going to happen, why, and any options they may have. Understanding the hierarchy of the family is imperative in understanding the functions of the family unit. With some familiarity with the different cultures in a given community, a medical professional will be able to ascertain who the head of the household is.

The head of the household differs from culture to culture, as such, “misunderstandings which include but are not limited to the involvement of the male in all aspects of health care for his wife and children; the assimilation of children into all aspects of life; female humility; the subordinate status of women; and the strong emphasis on traditional female role. (Abdoul and Abdoul, 2010). By defining who the head of the household is and giving them the respect they deserve will be paramount in a speedy recovery for the patient.

As the head of the household is identified, it is very important that they are included in all of the decisions made on behalf of the patient. If and when the controlling person is not readily available, all efforts should be exercised to contact that person. In rare life threatening conditions should medical personnel proceed without that persons consent, the head of the household should be given adequate time to discuss procedures with the patient should they require this. His/her decision should be respected when they decide what is appropriate for their family member. Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Essay.

Given the most pertinent information and options, the family can then make an informed decision and the respect of the hierarchy of the family has not been compromised. All diversities should be taken into consideration when caring for a patient. By understanding what importance the patient puts on their culture, the medical staff can better serve the patient. “Hospitals can be a source of stress and frustration for patients and their families, since they are most vulnerable when they are there and are placed at the mercy of values and beliefs not of their own. ” (Galanti, 2001).

Making a patient aware that medical staff understands and will do all that is possible to adhere to their cultural differences can only aid in providing the best health care possible. A care plan is always done for patients when they are admitted to the hospital. While formulating a care plan, the nurse should always consider and provide for the cultural differences of the individual. The care plan should be reviewed by all staff that participates in the care of the patient. The care plan should be discussed with the patient and family to assure that all aspects of their cultural practices have been addressed.

If this is not done, then the patient’s outcome can be greatly hampered.Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Essay.  Cultural diversity in the medical field, at times, can be greatly hindered because of religious beliefs, language barriers, and the hierarchy of diverse cultures, and these have the propensity to affect the continuity of care for the patient. All aspects need to be considered to assure that the most efficient care be given on behalf of the patient.

References ABOUL-ENEIN, B. , & AHOUL-ENEIN, F. (2010). THE CULTURAL GAP DELIVERING HEALTH CARE SERVICES TO ARAB AMERICAN POPULATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 17(1), 20-23. Retrieved from Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition database Armada, A. , & Hubbard, M. (2010). Diversity in Healthcare: Time to Get REAL!. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 26(3), 3-17. Retrieved from EBSCO MegaFILE database. Black, P. (2010). Cultural and religious beliefs in stoma care nursing. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 4(4), 184-188. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus with Full Text database. Weaver, D. (2009). Respect the diversity and difference of individuals. Nursing & Residential Care, 11(12), 590-593. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus with Full Text database.

Cultural diversity is an important competency for all health care professionals to develop regardless of their expertise and years of experience. A real challenge for leaders and managers whose backgrounds differ from staff is “fitting in” and being included. Unfortunately these differences in cultural backgrounds can have a negative impact on effective care expectations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of cultural diversity in patient care delivery, where one can expect that staff and the patient community have different backgrounds, expectations, priorities and values.
Why culture matters
Patient care delivery operates in a cultural context that includes the beliefs of the health care professionals as well as the patients. This greatly influences interactions between health care professionals.

The congruency of patient care delivery and health beliefs
The staff is representative of the community at large. Essentially learning to lead a mostly Hispanic team will assist in serving a mostly Hispanic population. Communication techniques and practices alone cannot therefore bridge the gap- there is a need to understand the experience of a culture as well as to be bilingual in the body language, practices and underlying frameworks used in communication (Conn et al., 2015). A specific example of the impact of patient care delivery and health care beliefs are found in the fact that as an outsider I am not being included in many discussions and decisions, despite my authority. This is preventing me from guiding and leading my staff in decisions, and it impacts patient care.

Cultural misconceptions and different communication styles
Cultural misconceptions due to differing communication styles can occur for a number of reasons, such as timing, the level of intensity, body language used and the extent to which personal information is revealed. This can result in misunderstandings or misunderstood responses which can compound, or it may result in withdrawal as it did in this case study, with staff choosing to leave out myself, given the lack of cultural understanding. Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Essay.

Next steps for leaders and organizations
There are steps that I must take as the leader and manager of the staff in order to create an environment that recognizes and values difference. The need to do so is clear; the multicultural context in which health care operates is real and increasing (Hsieh, 2013). Language and cultural barriers tend to result in increased diagnostic testing by health care provider, reduced preventative care and follow up and reduced patient satisfaction (Hsieh, 2013). One can assume that studies would find similar impacts with regard to staff interaction.

Helping staff to understand cultural and communication factors
There are two aspects to helping my staff to better understand my cultural and communication factors, and that is that I must learn more about the dominant Hispanic culture while at the same time increasing the understanding of and expectations with regard to my framework and communication style. This requires changes in my own attitude, as I can increase my openness and curiosity about the culture. I might also be helpful to learn Spanish. I can also clarify communication expectations with staff so that I am not left out of important discussions regarding care.

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How the organization incorporates cultural beliefs into patient care
The various organizations involved in healthcare incorporate cultural beliefs into patient care on a number of levels and in multiple ways including how patients and their status or condition might be viewed, as well as aspects of practice and coordination between staff that can impact patient care. There are diverse possible paths to incorporating a cultural context that values diversity (Shield et al., 2015). With such a large global movement of nurses and other health professionals, it is clear that cultural competencies in the work context are an important aspect of the continuous improvement objectives in health care (Sherwood & Shaffer, 2014).

Conclusion
The development of cultural competency in diverse settings takes learning and time, but professionals such as nurses in the health care sector face this imperative as the cultural diversity of backgrounds of staff, patients and the local community is increasing, and a lack of cultural competence has an impact on patient care and the work environment. Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Essay. When cultures communicate different, and this is not highlighted or explored in the work context, then it can easily become entrenched in practice. This is not necessary, as with a two-step approach it is possible to become more aware of cultural factors through better understanding the culture but also by highlighting the reality of the issue with staff.

• Conn, L. G., Haas, B., Cuthbertson, B. H., Amaral, A. C., Coburn, N., & Nathens, A. B. (2015). Communication and Culture in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit Boundary Production and the Improvement of Patient Care. Qualitative health research, 1049732315609901.
• Hsieh, E. (2013). Health literacy and patient empowerment: The role of medical interpreters in bilingual health communication. Reducing health disparities: Communication intervention, 35-58.
• Kelly, P. (2011). Nursing leadership & management. Cengage learning.
• Sherwood, G. D., & Shaffer, F. A. (2014). The role of internationally educated nurses in a quality, safe workforce. Nursing outlook, 62(1), 46-52.
• Shield, R. R., Looze, J., Tyler, D., Lepore, M., & Miller, S. C. (2014). Why and how do nursing homes implement culture change practices? Insights from qualitative interviews in a mixed methods study. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 33(6), 737-763. Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Essay.