Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay

TOPIC: Benchmark – Part A: Population Health Research and PICOT Statement

In this course, you will be completing a 2-part assignment in which you conduct research about a population of focus, develop a PICOT statement, and write a Literature Review. The PICOT statement and Literature Review you write in this course can be used for your evidence-based practice project in the next course so be sure to select an issue you want to continue working on in your next course.Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay

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PICOT (Population/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time to achieve the outcome) is a method that helps clarify the qualities needed to create a good question out of a practice issue or problem affecting the population of focus. Additionally, the information derived from a good PICOT makes it easier to perform a literature search in order to find translational research sources that can be used to address the clinical problem.Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay

Use a national, state or local population health care database to research indicators of disparity. Choose a mortality/morbidity indicator to identify a clinical problem or issue that you want to explore pertaining to a population of focus. Use this indicator to begin to formulate a PICOT and conduct research on the population.

Write a 800-1,000-word paper that analyzes your research and focuses on the population you have chosen. Describe the population’s demographics and health concerns, and explain how nursing science, health determinants, and epidemiologic, genomic, and genetic data may impact population health management for the selected population. Provide an overview of a potential solution for solving the health issue related to your population and the intended PICOT statement. Describe how the solution incorporates health policies and goals that support health care equity for the population of focus.Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay

You are required to cite four to five sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and nursing content.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

STUDY MATERIALS

Review Chapter 20 in Advanced Practice Nursing: Essential Knowledge for the Profession. URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/jones-and-bartlett/2016/advanced-practice-nursing_essential-knowledge-for-the-profession_3e.php

Read Chapters 2-4 in Population Health: Creating a Culture of Wellness. URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/jones-and-bartlett/2015/population-health_creating-a-culture-of-wellness_2e.php

Read Chapter 7 in Advanced Nursing Research: From Theory to Practice. URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/jones-and-bartlett/2015/advanced-nursing-research_from-theory-to-practice_2e.php Read “Epigenetics and Understanding the Impact of Social Determinants of Health,” by Notterman and Mitchell, from Pediatric Clinics of North America (2015). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4555996/

Explore the United States Census Bureau website. URL: https://www.census.gov/ Explore the Bureau of Labor Statistics website. URL: http://www.bls.gov/Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay

Explore the World Health Organization (WHO) website. URL: http://who.int/en/ Explore the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. URL: http://www.cdc.gov/

Explore the websites of your state and county Departments of Health and access mortality and morbidity data. The link to the Arizona Department of Health Services website is provided, but students living in other states should access their county and state departments. URL: http://www.azdhs.gov/

Recent years have witnessed growing interest in translational research in the biomedical and clinical sciences. Translational research is one of several related terms that connote putting research into practice, but these terms mean different things to different people (83). For scientists, the health care services industry, and many clinical investigators, translational research refers to T1, the bench-to-bedside enterprise of bringing drugs to market and converting basic science discoveries into new diagnostic and therapeutic tools (26). Many health services researchers speak of implementation science (T2–T4) (58), which studies ways to close the gap between optimal and actual care (36, 51). The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funds D&I (dissemination and implementation) research aimed at getting trial findings into practice (29).Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay

These terms share two interesting features: They characterize the work as research (e.g., translational research1), and they view translation as the end of a process. For many investigators, a trial reaches its final step when its results are disseminated. Viewing translational research as an end point differs from viewing research translation as an input to the work of improving population health. Those working to better the health of communities—be they public health officers, clinicians, legislators, or parents—find greater value in research information that relates to their needs and priorities (4). Getting answers to their key questions may do more to improve public health than would the information available in most journal articles.Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay

Translational research has a long history in public health. Decades ago, the research that identified evidence-based health behaviors (e.g., smoking cessation, physical activity), screening tests (e.g., mammography), and immunizations spawned its own form of implementation science: behavioral science research on how to help people adopt healthier behaviors; health services research on how health systems can improve uptake of clinical preventive services; and policy research on how to help communities adopt evidence-based policies. But in public health as in medicine, uptake of research evidence has often been disappointingly slow and incomplete (55, 60, 77). For example, rates of physical inactivity and obesity remain high (62), and many Americans are not acting on the evidence of life-saving forms of cancer screening (56). Research does not leap from the pages of journals into daily behavior.

One reason for this slow uptake may be misaligned agendas. Research that conforms to the academy’s interests may be less impactful than research shaped by the needs of decision makers or end users. This difference in agendas is seen in the very questions that scientific studies address, which often reflect the intellectual interests of scientists or funders (e.g., NIH) and the priorities stipulated in calls for proposals. Although they are fundamentally important, these questions may not always be framed to address the priorities of decision makers or to be usable on the front line (67, 80).2 Research may be more translatable if researchers learned more about the user’s agenda before doing the research. The problem may not be—as the academy sees it—how to get the community engaged in research, but how researchers can become engaged in the community and make their studies more relevant to the stakeholders working to improve public health.3 To use a business analogy, the consumer may not be buying the product (research) because developers are ignoring the needs of the market (end users). In such circumstances, lack of uptake is to be expected.Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay

A greater research focus on the needs of stakeholders could enhance the relevance of the academy, but it serves a more urgent purpose: to rectify the failure of the United States to keep pace with the advancing health status of other high-income countries. Americans have lower life expectancy and poorer health status than do their peers in 16 other countries, a pattern that has been worsening since the 1980s (85). A 2013 report documented the alarming scale of the problem and predicted further deterioration without a transformative change in social policy and health system design, including a shift in research priorities (85). The public health community has called on the academy to supply the data urgently needed to inform policy and practice decisions (37, 85).

This article argues that effective research translation to support meaningful change in population health requires better research aimed at user needs, but it also requires three other ingredients for success: an understanding of the decision-making environment, stakeholder engagement, and strategic communication. After describing each of these components, we illustrate their synthesis in two examples at the national and local levels.Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay

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SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
A society committed to population health should invest a portion of its research in supplying the information needed by those who can influence change (see sidebar, Stakeholders Who Benefit from Research Translation). This proposition is not to diminish the imperative for other forms of research. Independent scientific inquiry for its own sake remains vital. Research that proves useful to public health—from basic science to applied research—is frequently undertaken without a clear idea of how it will affect policy and may not require the help of policy makers or change agents to be implemented. Nor do we ignore how often policy makers misinterpret or ignore science in their decisions. Presenting the evidence does not always result in evidence-based policy or practice, especially in today’s polarized political environment.

Translational research is the process of applying knowledge from basic biology and clinical trials to techniques and tools that address critical medical needs. Unlike applied sciences, translational research is specifically designed to improve health outcomes. It uses an integrated team of experts who are focused on translating useful information from laboratories to doctors’ offices and hospitals. It’s a “bench to bedside” bridge.Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay

Why Translational Research is Needed
A rendering of bacteria

Diseases Without Cures
There are 10,000 known diseases or conditions affecting humans. Only 500 have treatments or cures.

a scientist observing samples in a lab

Inefficient Drug Approval
Even today, a discovery in the lab can take 10 years and cost $1 billion to become part of an approved drug for human use.

Treatments and cures are yet undiscovered, and approving drugs for widespread use takes considerable time and resources. In addition, clinical trials face many challenges. For example, diseases induced during an experimental trial don’t always mimic how a disease naturally develops, and scaling up from a trial group to a whole population can require changing a drug’s dosage or potency unfavorably.Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay

Comparative medicine strengthens clinical trials by studying naturally occurring diseases and multiple species of animals in veterinary clinical trials. These efforts bring new therapies to veterinary patients and can speed up human drug development at the same time.

A female doctor talks with a male patient lying in a hospital bed
How Translational Research Helps Health Care
In translational research, scientists who study biology and genetics partner with community members, engineers, pharmacists, bioinformaticists, policymakers and others. Multidisciplinary collaborations result in diagnostic devices, chemical agents, powerful algorithms, business enterprises and a culture of creating knowledge to answer complex medical questions. Translational Research And Population Health Management Essay