Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay

Material and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective survey of spontaneous abortions was done among all bringings over a decennary from January 1999 to December 2008. The spontaneous abortion rate and its altering tendencies over 10 old ages were evaluated and its associated hazard factors were besides assessed.
Consequences: The spontaneous abortion rate in the present survey decreased from 44.87 per 1000 entire births in 1999-2003 to 24.15 per 1000 entire births in 2004-2008. Maternal age over 35 old ages, pregnant adult females holding para _ 4, lower socioeconomic position and hapless antenatal look into up were responsible for highest figure of spontaneous abortions. Other associated hazard factors responsible for spontaneous abortions were prenatal bleeding ( 8.35 % ) , medical diseases of female parent ( 8.00 % ) , terrible prematureness ( 7.34 % ) , birth injury ( 3.12 % ) and intrapartum asphyxia ( 16.73 % ) . Thirty six per centum of the spontaneous abortions occurred at term and 27 % at 34-36 hebdomads of gestation. Merely 2 % of foetuss had inborn anomalousnesss. Incidence of fresh spontaneous abortion was high. Lower section cesarian subdivision rate was 16 % .
Decision: Poor prenatal check-up, lower socioeconomic position and weak referral installations were the major factors responsible for spontaneous abortions.Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.  Most of the spontaneous abortions were preventable by bettering adult females ‘s instruction and conformity to prenatal attention. So proper antenatal attention, prompt referral services and handiness of exigency obstetric attention will supply a polar function for decrease of spontaneous abortions.
Cardinal words: prenatal attention, exigency obstetric attention ( EOC ) , spontaneous abortion, stillbirth rate, spontaneous abortion ratio.
1.
Generative form, perinatal mortality, and sex penchant in rural Tamil Nadu, south India: community based, cross sectional survey.
Nielsen BB, A Liljestrand J, A Hedegaard M, A Thilsted SH, A Joseph A.
Beginning
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
Abstraction
Aim:
To analyze generative form and perinatal mortality in rural Tamil Nadu, South India.
Design:
Community based, transverse sectional questionnaire survey of 30 indiscriminately selected countries served by wellness subcentres.
Setting:
Rural parts of Salem District, Tamil Nadu, South India.
Subject:
1321 adult females and their progeny delivered in the 6 months before the interview.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Number of gestations, gestation result, spacing of gestations, sex of offspring, perinatal and neonatal mortality rates.
Consequence:
41 % of the adult females ( 535 ) were primiparous ; 7 adult females ( 0.5 % ) were expansive multiparous ( & gt ; 6 births ) . The adult females had a average age of 22 old ages and a mean of 2.3 gestations and 1.8 unrecorded kids. The sex ratio at birth of the index kids was 107 male childs per 100 misss. The spontaneous abortion rate was 13.5/1000 births, the neonatal mortality rate was 35.3/1000, and the perinatal mortality rate was 42.0/1000. Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay. Girls had an extra neonatal mortality ( rate ratio 3.42 % ; 95 % assurance interval 1.68 to 6.98 ; this was most marked among misss born to multiparous adult females with no life boies ( rate ratio 15.48 ( 2.04 to 177.73 ) V 1.87 ( 0.63 to 5.58 ) in multiparous adult females with at least one boy alive ) .
Decision:
In this rural portion of Tamil Nadu, adult females had a controlled generative form. The extra neonatal mortality among girls constitutes about one tierce of the perinatal mortality rate. It seems to be linked to a penchant for boies and should hence be addressed through a holistic social attack instead than through specific health care steps.
Pip:
This survey examines forms of neonatal mortality among rural female parents in Salem territory, Tamil Nadu province, India. Data were collected during August-September 1995 in a catchment country of 30 wellness subcenters. The sample includes 1321 adult females who had delivered within the predating 6 months. The purpose was to find the extent of extra female neonatal mortality. The instrument was pretested, and other dependability cheques were made. Findingss indicate that 20 % ( 261 ) of the female parents had experienced the decease of one or more kids. The average age of the adult females was 22 old ages, the mean figure of gestations was 2.3, and the mean figure of live-born kids was 1.8. The average age of first-time female parents was 20.2 old ages. The average age of multiparous adult females was 23.9 old ages. There were 268 live-born babes, 68 spontaneous abortions, 275 postpartum deceases, 280 self-generated abortions, and 60 induced abortions. The spontaneous abortion rate was 13.5/1000 births. The perinatal mortality rate was 42.0/1000. The early neonatal mortality rate was 28.9/1000. The late neonatal mortality rate was 6.6/1000. Of the 1321 bringings in the anterior 6 months, 99 % were singleton births. 51.7 % were male childs, and 48.3 % were misss. 98.6 % were live-born, and 1.4 % were spontaneous abortions. 4.0 % of live-born babies died postnatally, of which 64 % died in the first 7 yearss and 13 % died between 8 and 28 yearss. 23 % died 1 month or more undermentioned birth. There were 11 sets of twins, of which one each died in the early and late neonatal period. In the one set of fours, all babies died in the early neonatal period. The comparative hazard of decease among girls was 4.36 compared to boies. Primiparous adult females did non see extra female neonatal mortality.Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.  Hazard of female neonatal decease was higher among multiparous adult females with no life boies compared to adult females with at least one boy. This survey did non happen a shorter birth interval after the birth of a miss. The penchant for boies should be addressed through a holistic social attack.
1.
J Indian Med Assoc. 1997 Oct ; 95 ( 10 ) :548-51.
Hypertensive upsets of gestation and maternal and fetal result: a instance controlled survey.
Yadav S, A Saxena U, A Yadav R, A Gupta S.
Beginning
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi.
Abstraction
A instance controlled prospective survey of 250 instances of high blood pressure perplexing gestation ( analyze group ) and 400 normal pregnant adult females ( command group ) was carried out to find the consequence of high blood pressure on maternal and fetal result. Pregnancy induced high blood pressure was present in 96 % instances and chronic high blood pressure in 4 % instances. Preterm bringing ( 28.8 % versus 3 % ) , labour initiation rate ( 52.8 % versus 3.25 % ) , cesarean subdivision rate ( 14.8 % versus 3.5 % ) , stillbirth rate ( 4.8 % versus 0.25 % ) and overall perinatal mortality rate ( 14.8 % versus 1 % ) were higher in survey group compared to controls. In survey group ( 40 % ) babes required particular baby’s room attention compared to controls ( 6.75 % ) . From these consequences it can be concluded that maternal high blood pressure is associated with inauspicious gestation result.
Pip:
The consequence of high blood pressure on maternal and foetal result was investigated in a case-control survey of 250 pregnant adult females with high blood pressure ( mean age, 23.8 old ages ) and 400 pregnant adult females without this complication ( mean age, 22.1 old ages ) who presented to Safdarjang Hospital in New Delhi, India. 200 instances ( 80 % ) and 372 controls ( 93 % ) were primigravidae. 240 instances ( 96 % ) had pregnancy-induced high blood pressure, while 10 ( 4 % ) had chronic high blood pressure. Hypertension was mild and nonproteinuric in 142 instances ( 56.8 % ) , and was terrible and proteinuric in 108 ( 43.2 % ) . As expected, the prevalence of inauspicious results was significantly higher in instances than controls: preterm bringing, 28.8 % vs. 3 % ; demand for labour initiation, 52.8 % vs. 3.25 % ; cesarian subdivision bringing, 14.8 % vs. 3.5 % ; and necessitate for particular baby’s room attention, 40 % vs. 6.75 % . 4.8 % of babies of female parents with high blood pressure were stillborn, compared with 0.25 % of babies of controls ; overall perinatal mortality rates were 14.8 % and 1 % , severally. Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay. All neonatal complications occurred in proteinuric, pregnancy-related high blood pressure instances and there was a strong association between perinatal loss and both prematureness and low birth weight. Maternal high blood pressure contributes to an estimated 22 % of all perinatal deceases. This hazard could be reduced by optimal prenatal attention and seasonably increased usage of obstetric intercessions.
1.
J Indian Med Assoc. 1997 May ; 95 ( 5 ) :127-8.
Adolescent gestation: a high hazard group.
Pal A, A Gupta KB, A Randhawa I.
Beginning
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla.
Abstraction
In a retrospective survey the obstetric behavior and result in 80 teenage gestations ( & lt ; or = 19 old ages of age ) were compared to a control group ( n = 80 ) of adult females ( 20-30 old ages ) of same para. There were 32 booked instances ( 40 % ) in survey group and 45 ( 56.2 % ) in control group ( P & lt ; 0.05 ) . The overall teenage gestation was 3.2 % . Majority of patients were 18 old ages ( 27.5 % ) and 19 old ages ( 65.0 % ) in survey group and most of them ( 87.5 % ) were primiparas. Of all instances 27.5 % were grouped under Kuppuswamy categorization III in measuring socio-economic position. Anaemia ( 27.5 % ) , intra-uterine growing deceleration ( 27.5 % ) and high blood pressure ( 15 % ) were largely found as complications in survey group as compared to controls ( 11.2 % , 8.7 % and 8.7 % severally ) . The incidence of forceps bringing was higher ( 17.4 % ) in the survey group as compared to controls ( 6.2 % ) . Stillbirth rate was 1.25 % and there was no maternal mortality.
Pip:
In a retrospective case-control survey conducted at Indira Gandhi Medical College in Shimla, India, in 1992-93, obstetric results were compared in 80 pregnant striplings 19 old ages of age and younger and 80 pregnant controls 20-30 old ages old matched for para. 87.5 % of adult females in both groups were para Is. The adolescent gestation rate at the survey site during the 1-year survey period was 3.2 % . Complications such as anaemia ( 27.5 % ) , pregnancy-induced high blood pressure ( 15.0 % ) , and intrauterine growing deceleration ( 27.5 % ) were significantly higher among pregnant striplings than among their older opposite numbers ( 11.2 % , 8.7 % , and 8.7 % , severally ) . Forceps bringing was more frequent among striplings ( 17.4 % ) than controls ( 6.2 % ) . Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay. The lone spontaneous abortion was to an stripling female parent. There were no maternal deceases.

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1.
J Indian Med Assoc. 1997 Jun ; 95 ( 6 ) :175, 178.
A survey on profile of spontaneous abortions.
Dasgupta S, A Saha I, A Mandal AK.
Beginning
Department of Community Medicine, NRS Medical College, Calcutta.
Abstraction
The incidence of spontaneous abortions in one twelvemonth period ” was studied by record analysis in a teaching infirmary. A stillbirth rate of 38.4 per 1000 unrecorded births was observed. On admittance 96.3 % instances had some inauspicious fetal conditions detected readily. Leading factor detected was intra-uterine growing deceleration ( 45.4 % ) . Other major conditions observed were intra-uterine hypoxia ( 18.4 % ) , malpresentation ( 11.9 % ) , multiple gestation ( 8.3 % ) . Birth weight was below 2000 g in 53.1 % instances. Records showed 78.5 % female parents had non received prenatal attention.
Pip:
The Government of India has set the end of cut downing perinatal mortality from its present degree of 46/1000 unrecorded births to under 35/1000 by the twelvemonth 2000. This survey investigated the features of spontaneous abortions at a learning infirmary in Calcutta, India, in 1993. During the 12-month survey period, there were 8488 unrecorded births and 326 spontaneous abortions ( 38.4/1000 unrecorded births ) . In 314 spontaneous abortions ( 96.3 % ) , there was some inauspicious foetal status at hospital admittance. These included intrauterine growing deceleration ( 45.4 % ) , foetal hurt and intrauterine hypoxia ( 18.4 % ) , malpresentation or misplacement ( 11.9 % ) , and multiple gestation ( 8.3 % ) . Of the 309 stillborns in whom birth weight was recorded, 79.5 % were below 2500 g and 53.1 % were below 2000 g. Finally, in 218 ( 78.5 % ) of the 278 instances for which records were available, adult females received no prenatal attention. These findings suggest that more widely accessible prenatal attention, with particular accent on intrauterine growing deceleration, is indispensable to a decrease in the incidence of perinatal mortality in India.
PMID: 9420394A [ PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE ]
1.
Int J Environ Health Res. 2005 Dec ; 15 ( 6 ) :397-410.
Cooking fume and baccy fume as hazard factors for spontaneous abortion. Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.
Mishra V, A Retherford RD, A Smith KR.
Beginning
Demographic and Health Research Division, ORC Macro, Calverton, Maryland 20705, USA.A vinod.mishra @ orcmacro.com
Abstraction
Smoke from biomass burning produces some of the same pollutants found in baccy fume and ambient air, yet merely one survey to day of the month has linked cooking with biomass fuels to increased hazard of spontaneous abortion. The mechanisms by which biomass fume may do spontaneous abortion are through exposure to CO and particulates in biomass fume. Using information on 19,189 ever-married adult females aged 40-49 included in India ‘s 1998-99 National Family Health Survey, we examined the association between family usage of biomass fuels ( wood, droppings, and harvest residues ) , baccy fume ( both active and inactive ) , and hazard of spontaneous abortion. Datas were analyzed utilizing binary and polynomial logistic arrested development after commanding for several potentially confusing factors. Consequences indicate that, with other factors controlled, adult females who cook with biomass fuels are significantly more likely to hold experienced a spontaneous abortion than those who cook with cleaner fuels ( OR= 1.44 ; 95 % CI: 1.04, 1.97 ) . Womans who cook with biofuels are twice every bit likely to hold experienced two or more spontaneous abortions as those who cook with cleaner fuels ( RRR= 2.01 ; 95 % CI: 1.11, 3.62 ) .Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.  The adjusted consequence of active baccy smoke is besides positive ( OR = 1.23 ) but non statistically important. No consequence of inactive smoke was found, nor was there grounds of any modifying effects of baccy smoke.
1.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Sep ; 197 ( 3 ) :247.e1-5.
The planetary web: a prospective survey of spontaneous abortions in developing states.
McClure EM, A Wright LL, A Goldenberg RL, A Goudar SS, A Parida SN, A Jehan I, A Tshefu A, A Chomba E, A Althabe F, A Garces A, A Harris H, Derman RJ, A Panigrahi P, A Engmann C, A Buekens P, A Hambidge M, A Carlo WA ; A NICHD FIRST BREATH Study Group.
Beginning
Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.A mcclure @ rti.org
Abstraction
Aim:
Our end was to find stillbirth rates in a multisite population-based survey in community scenes in the underdeveloped universe.
STUDY DESIGN:
Results of all community bringings in 5 resource-poor states ( Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India, Zambia, and Pakistan ) and in 1 mid-level state ( Argentina ) were evaluated prospectively over an 18-month period. Births of & gt ; 1000 g with no marks of life were defined as spontaneous abortion.
Consequence:
Results of 60,324 bringings were included. Stillbirth rates ranged from 34 per 1000 in Pakistan to 9 per 1000 births in Argentina. Increased stillbirth rates were associated significantly with lower skilled suppliers, out-of-hospital births, and low cesarian subdivision rates. Maceration was present in 17.2 % of spontaneous abortions.
Decision:
The stillbirth rates among births of & gt ; or = 1000 g in these developing states were well higher than reported stillbirth rates in developed states ( 3-5/1000 births ) . Because most developed states define spontaneous abortion as & gt ; or = 20 hebdomads of gestation or & gt ; or = 500 g and because about one-half of all spontaneous abortions are & lt ; 1000 g, the developing/developed state difference is really larger than apparent from this survey. Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay. Maceration was uncommon, which indicates that most of the deceases likely occurred during labour. The low rates of physician attending, hospital bringing, and cesarian subdivision bringings suggest that spontaneous abortion rates could be reduced by entree to higher choice institutional bringings.
1.
Epidemiology. 2006 Jan ; 17 ( 1 ) :47-51.
Smokeless baccy usage and hazard of spontaneous abortion: a cohort survey in Mumbai, India.
Gupta Personal computer, A Subramoney S.
Beginning
Epidemiology Unit, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
Abstraction
Background:
Maternal coffin nail smoke has been causally associated with an increased hazard for spontaneous abortion. Preliminary studies suggest an increased hazard for spontaneous abortion with smokeless baccy usage during gestation.
Methods:
We conducted a population-based prospective cohort survey to look into this association by utilizing a door-to-door attack to enroll 1,217 adult females who were between 3 and 7 months ‘ gestation. Of these, 96 % were contacted after bringing to find the gestation result. Demographic and maternal variables which were seemingly associated either with spontaneous abortion or with smokeless baccy usage ( OR & gt ; or= 1.5 ) were included as possible confounders. Stillbirth was defined as any bringing of a dead foetus after 20 completed hebdomads of gestation. We used time-to-event methods to analyse the hazard of spontaneous abortion.
Consequence:
Overall happening of spontaneous abortion among singleton bringings in this population was 4.1 % . Smokeless baccy usage was reported by 17 % of adult females ; 8.9 % of smokeless baccy users had a spontaneous abortion compared with 3.1 % among nonusers ( life-table adjusted jeopardy ratio = 3.1 ; 95 % assurance interval = 1.7-5.6 ) . After accommodation by the Cox relative jeopardies process for age, educational and socioeconomic background, working position of female parent, para, antenatal attention variables, and topographic point of bringing, the hazard for spontaneous abortion in users was 2.6 ( 95 % assurance interval-1.4-4.8 ) .  Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.Most adult females used mishri ( a pyrolyzed baccy merchandise frequently used as dentifrice ) , and at that place was a dose-response relationship between the day-to-day frequence of usage and spontaneous abortion hazard. The hazard of spontaneous abortion associated with smokeless baccy usage was greater in earlier gestational periods.
Decision:
Smokeless baccy usage during gestation additions spontaneous abortion hazard, with a hazard at least every bit great as that associated with maternal coffin nail smoke.
1.
Manushi. 1998 Mar-Apr ; ( 105 ) :5-13.
Fewer deceases, fewer births: diminution of child mortality in a U.P. small town.
Kolenda P.
Abstraction
Pip:
This article describes the form of birthrate and mortality diminution in Khalapur small town, Saharanpur territory, Uttar Pradesh province, India, in 1997. Data were obtained from birth histories among adult females married since 1984 who were re-interviewed from anterior studies. Population growing was over 2 % in 1983 and about 1.9 % in 1996 among villagers. Village population in 1997 was an estimated 10,600. The sample in 1997 included 136 married womans, 12 widows, 20 asleep adult females, 1 divorced adult female, and 1 whose hubby deserted her. 47 % belonged to the dominant landed caste of Rajputs. 15 % were Brahmans and Banias. 18 % were in-between castes. 11 % were Jarijans, and 9 % were Muslims. 51 % of adult females born in the sixtiess had no schooling, while merely 32 % who were born in the 1970s had no schooling. 70 % of the entire sample had no schooling. Almost all of the births took topographic point in the place attended by a accoucheuse. Merely 13 births of 305 bringings occurred in a infirmary. Among a subsample of 73 married womans, 8 adult females had hospital births. Women reported that infirmary bringing costs were high. Since 1984, accoucheuses had begun having preparation. Among 170 adult females giving birth, merely 1 died, and that was in portion related to dysentery that she had during the gestation. Of 799 births, 211 kids died. 50 % of all married womans lost no kids, and over 31 % had lost 2 or more kids.  Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.Child mortality has declined. Womans are now less likely to describe religious causes. Womans are cognizant of improved endurance opportunities. Sanitation betterments are likely factors in increased endurance. Prenatal, natal, and postpartum attention is still unavailable in Khalapur.
Indian J Public Health. 2000 Jan-Mar ; 44 ( 1 ) :28-30.
Maternal age as a hazard factor for spontaneous abortion.
Khandait DW, A Ambadekar NN, A Zodpey SP, A Vasudeo ND.
Beginning
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Government Medical College, Nagpur-440003.
Abstraction
To Detect the hazard of still birth in different maternal age, five twelvemonth ( 1st January 1993 to 31st December 1997 ) record of Government Medical College, Nagpur were analysed. The rate of spontaneous abortion was 2.5 % ( 1138 spontaneous abortion out of 46,443 bringings ) which was significantly associated with increasing maternal age ( x2 = 182.3, df = 4, P & lt ; 0.001 ) . Adolescent gestation and aged gestation were in important hazard as compared to 20-29 old ages age group for spontaneous abortion ( OR = 1.6, 95 % C1 1.1-2.5 ; OR 2.6, 95 % CI = 1.9-3.5 severally ) .
Indian Pediatr. 1998 Aug ; 35 ( 8 ) :733-43.
Weight addition during gestation — a cardinal factor in perinatal and infant mortality.
Agarwal DK, A Agarwal KN, A Satya K, A Agarwal S.
Beginning
Department of Pediatrics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
Remark in
Weight addition during gestation — a cardinal factor in perinatal and infant mortality.A [ Indian Pediatr. 1998 ]
Weight addition during gestation — a cardinal factor in perinatal and infant mortality.Pradhan R.A Indian Pediatr. 1998 Dec ; 35 ( 12 ) :1250-1.
Abstraction
Aim:
To place hazard factors for high perinatal ( PMR ) and infant ( IMR ) mortality in a rural country.
Design:
In 49 indiscriminately selected small towns from two bordering blocks of rural Varanasi, all pregnant adult females and unrecorded births were followed for perinatal and infant mortality, during the old ages 1988-1992.
Subject:
6790 births and their 6649 unrecorded births.
Consequence:
The PMR was 90.7 per 1000 births and IMR was 98.6/1000 unrecorded births. These mortalities were significantly higher if weight addition during gestation was less than 7.0 kilograms. Low weight addition during gestation was besides associated with significantly higher low birth weight bringings and to some extent increased still birth rate. PMR and IMR decreased with higher degrees of haemoglobin in 3rd trimester and socioeconomic index ; nevertheless, the deliberate RR were non important. Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.
Decision:
Low weight addition during gestation is an of import hazard factor for PMR and IMR.
1.
J Biosoc Sci. 2009 May ; 41 ( 3 ) :309-27. Epub 2008 Nov 28.
An appraisal of foetal loss among presently married adult females in India.
Rajaram S, A Zottarelli LK, A Sunil TS.
Beginning
Population Research Center, Dharwad, India.
Abstraction
The present paper assesses foetal loss among presently married adult females in India. In add-on, the effects of societal, economic, demographic and wellness factors on foetal loss are studied. The survey uses informations from the 2nd National Family Health Survey conducted in India during 1998-2000. The consequences show broad fluctuations in foetal loss ( induced abortion, self-generated abortion and still-birth ) measures across the state. The importance of female parent ‘s nutritionary position, birth spacing, hazardous behaviors such as smoke, imbibing and masticating baccy and age at matrimony for gestation results in India is besides discussed. The survey consequences imply a wide apprehension of generative wellness in India, and stress the importance of widening the range of community-based generative wellness instruction programmes to better the generative wellness of adult females.
1.
J Indian Med Assoc. 2009 Jan ; 107 ( 1 ) :34-5, 40.
Adolescent gestation: a comparative survey of the result and complications.
Thekkekkara T, A Veenu J.
Beginning
Department of Community Medicine, St Johns Medical College, Bangalore 560034.
Abstraction
This survey compares the result and complications of gestation among adolescents with those above 19 old ages of age. This retrospective survey conducted in a pregnancy infirmary in rural Karnataka, under the counsel of the section of community medical specialty, St Johns National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, included 221 adult females who delivered between February 2003 and April 2003.Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.The information was tabulated in excel spreadsheet and analysed utilizing epi 6 programme. Anaemia among adolescent multigravidae was found to be a important wellness job. There were no statistically important differences between the gestational age at bringing and the manner of bringing in the different age groups. Teenage gestation was non found to be associated with an increased hazard for prenatal complications or postpartum complications. There was no increased incidence of low birth weight or inborn anomalousnesss among the babes of teenage female parents. Mortality was non found to be increased both among the teenage female parents every bit good as their babes.
PMID: 19588686A [ PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE ]
1.
Indian Pediatr. 2012 Mar ; 49 ( 3 ) :191-4. Epub 2011 May 30.
Hazard factors for perinatal mortality due to asphyxia among exigency obstetric referrals in a third infirmary.
Rani S, A Chawla D, A Huria A, A Jain S.
Beginning
Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
Remark in
Maternal hazard factors impacting perinatal mortality.A [ Indian Pediatr. 2012 ]
Maternal hazard factors impacting perinatal mortality.Goel N, Gupta B.A Indian Pediatr. 2012 Mar ; 49 ( 3 ) :188-9.
Abstraction
Aim:
To measure the clinical, behavioural and health-care associated hazard factors of intrapartum perinatal mortality ( IPPM ) .
Design:
Prospective cohort survey.
Setting:
Labor room and postpartum wards of a teaching infirmary in North India.
Participants:
Pregnant adult females were eligible for registration in the survey if period of gestation at bringing was 35 hebdomads or more or pamper weighed at least 2000 g at birth, index gestation was non booked in prenatal clinic of the survey infirmary and foetus was delivered within 24 H of admittance in the infirmary.
Methods:
Information about prenatal attention and events environing labour and bringing were retrieved from prenatal attention records, referral notes, infirmary clinical records and interview of female parents. Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay. Multivariate analysis was conducted utilizing frontward stepwise logistic arrested development analysis. Main Outcome Measure: IPPM was defined as asphyxia-specific spontaneous abortion or asphyxia-specific early neonatal decease.
Consequence:
Among 248 exigency obstetric referrals during the survey period, rate of IPPM was 8 % ( 20/248, 18 fresh spontaneous abortions and 2 asphyxia-specific neonatal deceases ) . District infirmaries and community health-centers/first referral units contributed three-quarterss of all referrals. On logistic arrested development analysis important hazard factors for IPPM were presence of obstructed labour ( OR: 23, 95 % CI: 1.9-275.8 ) , father engaged in unskilled labour ( OR: 10, 95 % CI: 1.3-77.7 ) and absence of urine scrutiny during prenatal period ( OR: 5.5, 95 % CI: 1.8-16.3 ) .
Decision:
Low socioeconomic position, unequal antenatal attention and hapless intrapartum attention due to unskilled birth attending are risk factors of IPPM.
1.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2010 Oct ; 28 ( 5 ) :494-500.
Hospital-based perinatal results and complications in adolescent gestation in India.
Mukhopadhyay P, A Chaudhuri RN, A Paul B.
Beginning
Department of Community Medicine, N.R.S Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.A docprianka @ yahoo.com
Abstraction
Teenage gestation is a worldwide job bearing serious societal and medical deductions associating to maternal and child wellness. A cross-sectional experimental survey was undertaken to compare the different sociodemographic features and perinatal results of teenage gravida I female parents with those of grownup gravida I female parents in a tertiary-care infirmary in eastern India. A sample of 350 each in instances and comparing group comprised the survey topics. Datas were collected through interviews and by observations utilizing a pretested and predesigned agenda. Consequences revealed that the teenage female parents had a higher proportion ( 27.7 % ) of preterm bringings compared to 13.1 % in the grownup female parents and had low-birthweight babes ( 38.9 % vs 30.4 % severally ) . Stillbirth rate was besides significantly higher in teenage bringings ( 5.1 % vs 0.9 % severally ) .Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.  The teenage female parents developed more inauspicious perinatal complications, such as preterm births, spontaneous abortions, neonatal deceases, and delivered low-birthweight babes, when compared with those of the grownup gravida I female parents. Teenage gestation is still a rampant and of import public-health job in India with unfavorable perinatal results and demands to be tackled on a precedence footing.
1.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011 Dec ; 90 ( 12 ) :1379-85. Department of the Interior: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01275.x. Epub 2011 Oct 24.
Epidemiology of spontaneous abortion in low-middle income states: a Global Network Study.
McClure EM, A Pasha O, A Goudar SS, A Chomba E, A Garces A, A Tshefu A, A Althabe F, A Esamai F, A Patel A, A Wright LL, A Moore J, A Kodkany BS, A Belizan JM, A Saleem S, A Derman RJ, A Carlo WA, A Hambidge KM, A Buekens P, A Liechty EA, A Bose C, A Koso-Thomas M, A Jobe AH, Goldenberg RL ; A Global Network Investigators.
Confederates: A Althabe F, A Belizan JM, A Ditekemena J, A Tshefu A, A Garces A, A Mohapatra A, A Parida S, A Goudar SS, A Kodkany BS, Esamai F, A Mabaye H, A Tenge C, A Saleem S, A Fariq N, A Pasha O, A Manasyan A, A Chomba E, A Carlo WA, A Krebs N, A Hambidge M, Goldenberg RL, A Panigrahi P, A Derman RJ, A Bose C, A Buekens P, A Hibberd P, A Liechty EA, A Wright LL, A Koso-Thomas M, A Moore J, McClure EM, A Grant T, A Wallace D.
Beginning
Research Triangle Institute, Durham, NC, USA.A mcclure @ rti.org
Abstraction
Aim:
To find population-based spontaneous abortion rates and to find whether the timing and adulthood of the stillbirths suggest a high proportion of potentially preventable deceases.
Design:
Prospective observational survey.
Setting:
Communities in six low-income states ( Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Zambia, Guatemala, India, and Pakistan ) and one site in a mid-income state ( Argentina ) .
Population:
Pregnant adult females shacking in the survey communities.
Methods:
Over a five-year period, in selected catchment countries, utilizing multiple methodological analysiss, trained study staff obtained gestation results on each bringing in their country. Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Pregnancy result, stillbirth features.
Consequence:
Results of 195,400 bringings were included. Stillbirth rates ranged from 32 per 1,000 in Pakistan to 8 per 1,000 births in Argentina. Three-fourths ( 76 % ) of spontaneous abortion offspring were non macerated, 63 % were a‰? 37 hebdomads and 48 % weighed 2,500 g or more. Across all sites, adult females with no instruction, of high and low para, of older age, and without entree to prenatal attention were at significantly greater hazard for spontaneous abortion ( p & lt ; 0.001 ) . Compared to those delivered by a doctor, adult females delivered by nurses and traditional birth attenders had a lower hazard of spontaneous abortion.
Decision:
In these low-middle income states, most stillbirth offspring were non macerated, were reported as a‰? 37 hebdomads ‘ gestation, and about half weighed at least 2,500 g. With entree to better medical attention, particularly in the intrapartum period, many of these spontaneous abortions could probably be prevented.
A 2011 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology No claim to original US authorities plants.
PMCID: PMC3412613A Free PMC Article
PMID: 21916854A [ PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE ]
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1.
J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008 Aug ; 28 ( 6 ) :604-7.
A comparative survey of adolescent gestation.
Mahavarkar SH, A Madhu CK, A Mule VD.
Beginning
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra, India.A suv.ma @ yahoo.co.uk
Abstraction
Teenage gestation is a planetary job and is considered a bad group, in malice of conflicting grounds. Our aim was to compare obstetric results of gestation in adolescents and older adult females. This was a retrospective survey of instance records of gestations from August 2000 to July 2001. Girls aged & lt ; or =19 old ages were compared with gestation results in older adult females ( 19-35 old ages ) in the same infirmary. The survey took topographic point in the Government General Hospital, Sangli, India, a teaching infirmary in rural India, with an one-year bringing rate of over 3,500. A sum of 386 teenage gestations were compared with gestations in 3,326 older adult females. Socioeconomic information, age, figure of gestations, prenatal attention and complications, manner of bringing, and neonatal results were considered. The incidence of adolescent gestation in the survey was 10 % . A important proportion of teenage pregnant female parents were in their first gestations. The teenage female parents were about three times more at hazard of developing anemia ( OR = 2.83, 95 % CI = 2.2-3.7, p & lt ; 0.0001 ) and presenting pre-term ( OR = 2.97, 95 % CI = 2.4-3.7, p & lt ; 0.0001 ) . Teenage female parents were twice every bit likely to develop hypertensive jobs in gestation ( OR = 2.2, 95 % CI = 1.5-3.2, P & lt ; 0.0001 ) and were more likely to present vaginally with no important addition in the hazard of aided vaginal bringing or cesarean subdivision. Young female parents were about twice at hazard of presenting low birth weight babes ( OR = 1.8, 95 % CI = 1.5-2.2, P & lt ; 0.0001 ) and 50 % less likely to hold normal birth weight babes ( OR = 0.5, 95 % CI = 1.2-2.9, P & lt ; 0.0001 ) . The result of this survey showed that teenage gestations are still a common happening in rural India in malice of assorted statute laws and authorities programmes and adolescent gestation is a hazard factor for hapless obstetric result in rural India. Cultural patterns, hapless socioeconomic conditions, low literacy rate and deficiency of consciousness of the hazards are some of the chief contributory factors. Early engagement, good attention during gestation and bringing and proper use of prophylactic services can forestall the incidence and complications in this bad group. Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.
1.
J Community Health. 2012 Jun ; 37 ( 3 ) :572-82.
Social and cultural factors associated with perinatal heartache in Chhattisgarh, India.
Roberts LR, A Montgomery S, A Lee JW, A Anderson BA.
Beginning
In Your Best Interest Medical Clinic, 1201 Brookside Ave. , Redlands, CA 92373, USA.A lisafnp @ ymail.com
Abstraction
Stillbirth is a globally important public wellness job with many medical causes. There are besides indirect causal tracts including societal and cultural factors which are peculiarly outstanding in India ‘s traditional society. The intent of this survey was to research adult females ‘s perceptual experiences of spontaneous abortion and to find how issues of gender and power, societal support, get bying attempts, and spiritual beliefs influence perinatal heartache results among hapless adult females in rural Chhattisgarh, India. Structured interviews were done face-to-face in 21 indiscriminately selected small towns among adult females of generative age ( N=355 ) who had experienced spontaneous abortion ( n=178 ) and compared to those who had non ( n=177 ) , in the Christian Hospital, Mungeli catchment country. Perinatal heartache was significantly higher among adult females with a history of spontaneous abortion. Greater perinatal heartache was associated with deficiency of support, maternal understanding with societal norms, and younger maternal age. These forecasters must be understood in visible radiation of an extra finding-distorted sex ratios, which reflect gender favoritism in the context of Indian society. The findings of this survey will let the development of a culturally appropriate wellness instruction plan which should be designed to increase societal support and address societal norms, thereby cut downing psychological hurt to forestall complicated perinatal heartache. Perinatal heartache is a important societal load which impacts the wellness adult females.
1.
J Trop Pediatr. 2008 Oct ; 54 ( 5 ) :321-7. Epub 2008 Apr 27.
Birth interval and hazard of spontaneous abortion or neonatal decease: findings from rural north India.
Williams EK, A Hossain MB, A Sharma RK, A Kumar V, A Pandey CM, A Baqui AH.
Beginning
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.A emwillia @ jhsph.edu
Abstraction
Short birth intervals have been associated with inauspicious birth results. This survey examines the association between predating interval and hazard of spontaneous abortion or neonatal decease in rural north India ( n = 80 164 ) . Adjusted odds ratios ( OR ) and 95 % assurance interval ( CI ) of spontaneous abortion and neonatal mortality were calculated.Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.  The odds of spontaneous abortion were significantly greater among birth intervals of & lt ; 18 months ( OR 3.10 ; CI: 2.69-3.57 ) , 18-35 months ( OR 1.47 ; CI 1.30-1.68 ) and & gt ; 59 months ( OR 1.44 ; CI 1.19-1.73 ) , compared with intervals of 36-59 months. Neonatal decease was associated with birth intervals of & lt ; 18 months ( OR 4.12 ; CI 3.74-4.55 ) and 18-35 months ( OR 1.78 ; CI 1.63-1.94 ) , compared to births spaced 36-59 months. Previous history of either spontaneous abortion or neonatal decease was significantly associated with hazard of spontaneous abortion and neonatal decease, severally, as were multiple births.
1.
J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012 Jan ; 38 ( 1 ) :266-71. Department of the Interior: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01670.x. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
Spontaneous abortions in a referral medical college infirmary, West Bengal, India: a ten-year reappraisal.
Bhattacharyya R, A Pal A.
Beginning
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India.
Abstraction
Purpose:
To measure the spontaneous abortion rate, its major demographic and obstetric hazard factors and its tendency in a referral instruction infirmary.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A hospital-based cross-sectional retrospective survey of spontaneous abortions was done among all bringings over a decennary from January 1999 to December 2008. The spontaneous abortion rate and its altering tendencies over 10years were evaluated and its associated hazard factors were besides assessed.
Consequence:
hebdomads of gestation. Merely 2 % of foetuss had inborn anomalousnesss. Incidence of fresh spontaneous abortion was high. Lower section cesarian subdivision rate was 16 % .aˆ?years, pregnant adult females holding paritya‰?4, lower socioeconomic position and hapless antenatal look into up were responsible for highest figure of spontaneous abortions. Other associated hazard factors responsible for spontaneous abortions were prenatal bleeding ( 8.35 % ) , medical diseases of female parent ( 8.00 % ) , terrible prematureness ( 7.34 % ) , birth injury ( 3.12 % ) and intrapartum asphyxia ( 16.73 % ) . Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay. Thirty-six per centum of the spontaneous abortions occurred at term and 27 % at 34-36aˆ?The spontaneous abortion rate in the present survey decreased from 44.87 per 1000 entire births in 1999-2003 to 24.15 per 1000 entire births in 2004-2008. Maternal age over 35
Decision:
Poor prenatal check-up, lower socioeconomic position and weak referral installations were the major factors responsible for spontaneous abortions. Most of the spontaneous abortions were preventable by bettering adult females ‘s instruction and conformity to prenatal attention. So proper antenatal attention, prompt referral services and handiness of exigency obstetric attention will supply a polar function for decrease of spontaneous abortions.
1.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012 Aug 11 ; 12 ( 1 ) :84. [ Epub in front of print ]
Determinants of unwanted gestations in India utilizing matched caseA?control designs.
Dixit P, A Ram F, A Dwivedi LK.
Abstraction
Abstractions:
Background:
In India, while the entire birthrate rate has been declined from 3.39 in 1992 — 93 to 2.68 in 2005 — 06, the prevalence of unintended gestation is still dead over the same period. A reappraisal of bing literature shows that within the state, there are fluctuations in birthrate penchants between different parts. Besides there is a strong statement that the handiness of a wellness installation at the small town degree plays an of import function in reshaping the birthrate behaviour of adult females. Keeping in head the fact that there is no information at the small town degree ( which is the lowest geographical boundary ) in the recent unit of ammunition of National Family Health Survey ( NFHS-3 ) , the specific aim of this survey is to analyze the impact of single and household degree variables on unwanted gestations without commanding the small town degree fluctuation. Further, one time the small town degree fluctuation ( i.e. unseen fluctuation ) has been controlled, it is necessary to analyze whether there has been any change in the part of factors from earlier consequences of without seting the small town degree fluctuation. Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.
Methods:
This paper attempts to analyze the associated factors of unwanted gestations, without fiting the small town and after fiting the small town, by utilizing the matched instance — control design. Nationwide information from India ‘s latest NFHS-3 conducted during 2005 — 06 was used for the present survey. Frequency and brace wise matching has been applied in the present paper and conditional logistic arrested development analysis was used to work out the theoretical accounts and to happen out the factors associated with unwanted gestations.
Consequence:
A major determination of this survey was that 1:3 instance — control survey ( without fiting the small town ) shows that adult females belonging to non Hindu/Muslim faith, Scheduled Tribes, adult females who have experienced child loss and if the old birth interval is 24 through 36 months were important forecasters of unwanted gestation. However, this relationship did non keep important after PSU wise matching. Other factors such as Muslim faith, adult females and their spouses with high school instruction and above, adult females belonging to the richest wealth index and if the sex of the last kid was female, emerge as important forecasters of unwanted gestations.

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Decision:
This survey clearly underscores the importance of seting the small town ( PSU ) degree fluctuation in explicating unwanted gestations.
Free Article
PMID: 22883933A [ PubMed – as supplied by publishing house ]
@ See related article page 183
Maternal age and hazard of spontaneous abortion: a systematic reappraisal
Background: The figure of adult females who delay childbearing to their late thirties and beyond has increased significantly over the past several decennaries. Studies sing the relation between older maternal age and the hazard of spontaneous abortion have yielded inconsistent decisions. In this systematic reappraisal we explored whether older maternal age is associated with an increased hazard of spontaneous abortion.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for all relevant articles ( original surveies and systematic reappraisals ) published up to Dec. 31, 2006. We included all cohort and case-control surveies that measured the association between maternal age and hazard of spontaneous abortion. Two referees independently abstracted informations from all included surveies utilizing a standardized information abstraction signifier. Methodologic and statistical heterogeneousnesss were reviewed and tested.
Consequences: We identified 913 alone commendations, of which 31 retrospective cohort and 6 case-control surveies met our inclusion standards. In 24 ( 77 % ) of the 31 cohort surveies and all 6 of the case-control surveies, we found that greater maternal age was significantly associated with an increased hazard of spontaneous abortion ; comparative hazards varied from 1.20 to 4.53 for older versus younger adult females. In the 14 surveies that presented adjusted comparative hazard, we found no extended alteration in the way or magnitude of the comparative hazard after accommodation. We did non cipher a pooled relation hazard because of the utmost methodologic heterogeneousness among the single surveies.Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.
Interpretation: Womans with advanced maternal age have an increased hazard of spontaneous abortion. However, the magnitude and mechanisms of the increased hazard are non clear, and prospective surveies are warranted.
Abstraction
CMAJ 2008 ; 178 ( 2 ) :165-72Page 1 of 11
( page figure non for commendation intents )
The prevalence of spontaneous abortions: a systematic reappraisal
Lale Say*1, Allan Donner2,3, A Metin Gulmezoglu1, Monica Taljaard2 and
Gilda Piaggio1Published: 10 January 2006
Abstraction
Background: Stillbirth rate is an of import index of entree to and quality of prenatal and bringing attention. Obtaining overall estimations across assorted parts of the universe is non straightforward due to fluctuation in definitions, informations aggregation methods and coverage.
Methods: We conducted a systematic reappraisal of a scope of pregnancy-related conditions including spontaneous abortions and performed meta-analysis of the subset of surveies describing spontaneous abortion rates. We examined fluctuation across rates and used meta-regression techniques to explicate ascertained fluctuation.
Consequences: We identified 389 articles on stillbirth prevalence among the 2580 included in the systematic reappraisal. We included 70 supplying 80 informations sets from 50 states in the meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence rates show fluctuation across assorted subgroup classs. Ratess per 100 births are higher in surveies conducted in less developed state scenes as compared to more developed ( 1.17 versus 0.50 ) , of unequal quality as compared to adequate ( 1.12 versus 0.66 ) , utilizing subnational sample as compared to national ( 1.38 versus 0.68 ) , describing all spontaneous abortions as compared to late spontaneous abortions ( 0.95 versus 0.63 ) , published in non-English as compared to English ( 0.91 versus 0.59 ) and as journal articles as compared to non-journal ( 1.37 versus 0.67 ) . The consequences of the meta arrested development show the significance of two forecaster variables – development position of the scene and survey quality – on spontaneous abortion prevalence.
Decision: Stillbirth prevalence at the community degree is typically less than 1 % in moredeveloped parts of the universe and could transcend 3 % in less developed parts. Regular reappraisals of spontaneous abortion rates in suitably designed and reported surveies are utile in supervising the adequateness of attention. Systematic reappraisals of prevalence surveies are helpful in explicating beginnings of fluctuation across rates. Researching these methodological issues will take to improved criterions for measuring the load of generative ill-health. Evaluate The Stillbirth Rate Health Essay.