General Guidelines for Health Screenings.
General Guidelines for Health Screenings.
Introduction
This paper analyzes the differences in the American Cancer Society (ACS), United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPTFS), Healthy People, American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (ACOG), and American Academy of Family Practice (AAFP) clinical practice guidelines. It further discusses the differences, contradictions, and guidelines that make more sense and concludes by suggesting changes for a person with LGBTQ+ gender identification.General Guidelines for Health Screenings.
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| American Cancer Society | USPTFS | Healthy People 2020 | ACOG | American Academy of Family Practice | |
| What do you find different about this guideline? | This guideline purposes to increase knowledge and awareness, provide support and treatment guidance on different types of cancers. This includes information about the risk factors, screening, early detection, diagnosis, and management options of
breast, colon, rectal, lung, prostate, and skin cancer among others. |
These are guidelines that were developed by an independent and volunteer group of national experts in evidence-based and preventive medicine and describe clinical preventive services (counseling, screening tests, preventive drugs, and services) to promote preventative and primary care. | These guidelines set the national agenda on how to build a healthier nation through national health objective statements that identify the most important preventable threat to health while developing goals to decrease these threats.
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These guidelines primarily provide the tools, guidance, and resources of different obstetric and gynecological conditions to be used by obs/gyne specialists in the USA. | This guideline unites family physicians, family practice students, and residents nationally in championing for patient care, advocacy, and education to promote primary care for both rural and underserved populations in the USA. |
| What might be contradictory about this guideline? | Although these guidelines purpose to increase knowledge and awareness about cancers, to instill hope and effective coping strategies, in patients already diagnosed and being managed for cancer, the information/resources do not reach all cancer patients, particularly patients who cannot access information from online electronic sources such as those with high illiteracy, and a very low socioeconomic status. | Although the guidelines were developed by an independent group of experts in preventive medicine, there are still questions on the extent of independence and the procedures used to choose the best experts.
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While the guidelines purposed to set a national agenda in attaining high-quality care, preventing disability, premature deaths, and injury, attaining health equity, creating physical and social environments to promote good health for all, and eliminating disparities for the past decade, these objectives are yet to be attained and this is attributable to a poor implementation plan. | Even though these guidelines tend to only incorporate obstetric and gynecological specialists (obs/gyn), today, there still exist gaps in the proficiency of obs/gyn specialists as evidenced by reports on mismanagement and adverse drug events among obs/gyn patients due to provider negligence. | Even if these guidelines aim at uniting physicians, communities, and family practice students, its effectiveness is yet to be determined. This has largely been attributed to poor implementation plans below the required international standards. |
| How does this guideline make more sense to you and why? | These guidelines are categorized based on screening, prevention, and management but generally provide a common national approach to caring for cancer patients. The screening guidelines help to inform decision making on the tests and screenings for the early detection of cancers. The most significant aspect is that these screening guidelines have evolved with new scientific data. Similarly, the prevention guidelines address dietary and physical activity patterns across all US populations. | The guidelines recommend clinical preventive services in counseling, screening, and preventive drugs. To achieve this purpose, the guidelines are particularly developed by 16 practicing experts and specialists from primary care and preventive medicine.
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The guidelines were developed through extensive collaboration efforts using Leading Health Indicators (LHIs). LHIs promoted the development of data-driven and disease-specific objectives to improve the overall population well-being and health.
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Apart from uniting obstetric and gynecological specialists across all states to improve obstetric and gynecological care, the guidelines seek to improve and strengthen women’s care across the globe through partnerships and programs that are dedicated to social issues, global health, and advocacy.
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These guidelines are specific to improving family practice and primary care. To attain this objective, the guideline unites communities with family practice students and physicians. |
| What changes might you make to the guideline for a person who refers to themselves with different gender identification? | Incorporate LGBT cancer survivors in support programs and LGBT peer counselors/leaders as cancer health educators, promoters, opinion leaders, and navigators. | The guidelines should incorporate Cervical, endometrial, prostate, and ovarian cancer screening considerations for LGBT people. This particularly includes transfeminine, and transmasculine people. | Incorporate gender-sensitive guidelines and objectives | The guidelines should reflect membership acceptance from all gender groups.
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These guidelines should assist all patients, communities, and healthcare providers irrespective of gender. |
Discussion
Differences among the Guidelines
The American Cancer Society (ACS) (2020) guideline purposes to increase knowledge and awareness, provide support and treatment guidance on different types of cancers. This includes information about the risk factors, screening, early detection, diagnosis, and management options of breast, colon, rectal, lung, prostate, and skin cancer among others, and was developed from peer-reviewed studies by a panel of researchers. General Guidelines for Health Screenings.In comparison, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) (2020) guidelines were developed by an independent and volunteer group of national experts in evidence-based and preventive medicine and describe clinical preventive services (counseling, screening tests, preventive drugs, and services) to promote preventative and primary care. The objectives of the above guidelines differ from those of HealthyPeople.gov (2020) which set the national agenda on how to build a healthier nation through national health objective statements that identify the most important preventable threat to health while developing goals to decrease these threats.General Guidelines for Health Screenings.
The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) (2020) and American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2020) guidelines have similar goals of uniting service-specific providers to improve healthcare delivery and health outcomes. However, (ACOG) (2020) guidelines primarily provide the tools, guidance, and resources of different obstetric and gynecological conditions to be used by obs/gyne specialists in the USA. In contrast, (AAFP) (2020) guidelines unite family physicians, family practice students, and residents nationally in championing for patient care, advocacy, and education to promote primary care for both rural and underserved populations in the USA.General Guidelines for Health Screenings.
Contradictions
The (ACS) (2020) guidelines purpose to increase knowledge and awareness about cancers, to instill hope and effective coping strategies, in patients already diagnosed and being managed for cancer. General Guidelines for Health Screenings.However, the information/resources do not reach all cancer patients, particularly patients who cannot access information from online electronic sources such as those with high illiteracy, and a very low socioeconomic status. Similarly, while HealthyPeople.gov (2020) guidelines set a national agenda in attaining high-quality care, these objectives are yet to be attained partly due to a poor implementation plan and partly due to existing disparities. To add on, even though the (ACOG) (2020) and (AAFP) (2020) guidelines purposed to unite service-specific specialists, today, there still exist gaps in the proficiency of obs/gyn specialists as evidenced by reports on mismanagement and adverse drug events among obs/gyn patients due to provider negligence. Similarly, the effectiveness of (AAFP) (2020) guidelines is yet to be determined and this has largely been attributed to poor implementation plans below the required international standards.General Guidelines for Health Screenings.
The Guideline That Makes More Sense
The guideline that makes more sense is the ACS (2020) guideline which is categorized based on screening, prevention, and management but generally provides a common national approach to caring for cancer patients. The screening guidelines help to inform decision making on the tests and screenings for the early detection of cancers. The most significant aspect is that these screening guidelines have evolved with new scientific data. Similarly, the prevention guidelines address dietary and physical activity patterns across all US populations. General Guidelines for Health Screenings.
Changes to Make To the Guidelines
The most significant changes to make for a person with gender or an LGBTQ identification include;
- Incorporating LGBT cancer survivors in support programs and LGBT peer counselors/leader as cancer health educators, promoters, opinion leaders, and navigators
- Including cervical, endometrial, prostate, and ovarian cancer screening considerations for LGBT people, such as transfeminine, and trans masculine people
- Incorporate gender-sensitive guidelines and objectives that reflect membership acceptance from all gender groups and provide assistance to all patients, communities, and healthcare providers irrespective of gender.General Guidelines for Health Screenings.
