Background

COVID-19 is an emerging disease caused by highly contagious virus called SARS-CoV-2. It caused an extensive health and economic burden around the globe. There is no proven effective treatment yet, except certain preventive mechanisms. Some studies assessing the effects of different preventive strategies have been published. However, there is no conclusive evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to review evidences related to COVID-19 prevention strategies achieved through contact tracing, screening, quarantine, and isolation to determine best practices.The Implementation of Covid-19 Prevention Interventions .

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Methods

We conducted a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines by searching articles from major medical databases such as PubMed/Medline, Global Health Database, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and clinical trial registries. Non-randomized and modeling articles published to date in areas of COVID prevention with contact tracing, screening, quarantine, and isolation were included. Two experts screened the articles and assessed risk of bias with ROBINS-I tool and certainty of evidence with GRADE approach. The findings were presented narratively and in tabular form.The Implementation of Covid-19 Prevention Interventions .

Results

We included 22 (9 observational and 13 modeling) studies. The studies consistently reported the benefit of quarantine, contact tracing, screening, and isolation in different settings. Model estimates indicated that quarantine of exposed people averted 44 to 81% of incident cases and 31 to 63% of deaths. Quarantine along with others can also halve the reproductive number and reduce the incidence, thus, shortening the epidemic period effectively. Early initiation of quarantine, operating large-scale screenings, strong contact tracing systems, and isolation of cases can effectively reduce the epidemic. However, adhering only to screening and isolation with lower coverage can miss more than 75% of asymptomatic cases; hence, it is not effective.The Implementation of Covid-19 Prevention Interventions .

Conclusion

Quarantine, contact tracing, screening, and isolation are effective measures of COVID-19 prevention, particularly when integrated together. In order to be more effective, quarantine should be implemented early and should cover a larger community.The Implementation of Covid-19 Prevention Interventions .

Strategic Plan Summary for the Implementation of Covid-19 Prevention Interventions at Kingston Healthcare in California

Kingston Healthcare is a terrific organization to do practicum in as well as practice nursing in. The organization does not appear to have any obvious potential challenges that may hinder the implementation of the Covid-19 prevention interventions. This is because the organizational culture at the facility is pro-change, supported by a generous institutional policy of supporting any beneficial change proposal. This is important because every project requires funding which must be allocated by the organization’s directors. The strategic plan for this implementation will include the following objectives and values:The Implementation of Covid-19 Prevention Interventions .

Objectives

• To deliver health education on Covid-19 to all corners of the community around Kingston Healthcare without discrimination based on race, color, or socio-economic status.
• To immunize all eligible patients without contraindications at first contact without causing missed opportunities.
• To monitor patients inoculated for any side effects of immunization that may occur

Values

• Justice and fairness
• Compassion
• Selflessness

The plan of implementation of the interventions will be as follows:

1. To repeat the health education about using masks, social distancing, and handwashing to prevent Covid-19 infections for the next two years (Korang et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020; Qian & Jiang, 2020).
2. Immunization of all community members around Kingston Healthcare within the next 1-2 years, giving them both doses of vaccine.

• Monitoring of inoculated patients and community members for immediate and late signs of adverse effects following immunization (AEFIs) in the next 1-2 years.

Capturing the patient data on Covid-19 symptoms, management, inoculation, AEFIs, and recoveries in the facility’s EHR to be evaluated after 1-2 years.   The Implementation of Covid-19 Prevention Interventions .

Conclusion and recommendation