Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

In this Assignment, you will identify clinical areas of interest and inquiry and practice searching for research in support of maintaining or changing these practices. You will also analyze this research to compare research methodologies employed. To Prepare: Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a clinical inquiry. Keep in mind that the clinical issue you identify for your research will stay the same for the entire course.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

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Based on the clinical issue of interest and using keywords related to the clinical issue of interest, search at least four different databases in the Walden Library to identify at least four relevant peer-reviewed articles related to your clinical issue of interest. You should not be using systematic reviews for this assignment, select original research articles. Review the results of your peer-reviewed research and reflect on the process of using an unfiltered database to search for peer-reviewed research. Reflect on the types of research methodologies contained in the four relevant peer-reviewed articles you selected. Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.Part 1: Identifying Research Methodologies After reading each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, use the Matrix Worksheet template to analyze the methodologies applied in each of the four peer-reviewed articles. Your analysis should include the following: The full citation of each peer-reviewed article in APA format. A brief (1-paragraph) statement explaining why you chose this peer-reviewed article and/or how it relates to your clinical issue of interest, including a brief explanation of the ethics of research related to your clinical issue of interest. A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the aims of the research of each peer-reviewed article. Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.A brief (1-2 paragraph) description of the research methodology used. Be sure to identify if the methodology used was qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Be specific. A brief (1- to 2-paragraph) description of the strengths of each of the research methodologies used, including reliability and validity of how the methodology was applied in each of the peer-reviewed articles you selected.

Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice

Article 1.

Murni, I., Duke, T., Kinney, S., Daley, A., & Soenarto, Y. (2015). Reducing hospital-acquired infections and improving the rational use of antibiotics in a developing country: an effectiveness study. Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 100(5), 454-459. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307297

The article explores strategies that can be applied to reduce hospital acquired infection (HAI) incidences. It adopts a novel approach by shifting away from hygiene towards health care delivery by making arguments for the rational use of antibiotics. Besides that, the article focuses on an often overlooked population (children).Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice. The article is related to the clinical issue of interest since it focuses on HAI while exploring unique intervention approaches and targeting an often overlooked patient population. Ethical approval for the study was sought from the institutional review board with consent not required from the patients except for the parents being informed about the study.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The study sought to explore the possibility of applying rational use of antibiotics of control HAI incidences among children. Towards this end, the study sought to implement a multifaceted infection control and antibiotic stewardship program. The program would then be evaluated for effectiveness in controlling antibiotics use and HAI incidences.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The study applies a pre- and post-intervention study design. It evaluated antibiotics use and HAI incidences before the program and compared the results to performance after the program had been implemented for 27 months in order to determine how the program affected performance.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The pre- and post-intervention study methodology presented a unique strength in showing the performance of the program. It ensures that all other variables are controlled with the program being introduced as a variable so that any changes in performance are attributed to the program.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

Article 2.

Caselli, E., Brusaferro, S., Coccagna, M., Arnoldo, L., Berloco, F., Antonioli, P., … & Mazzacane, S. (2018). Reducing healthcare-associated infections incidence by a probiotic-based sanitation system: A multicentre, prospective, intervention study. PLoS ONE, 13(7), e0199616. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199616

The article presents the results of a primary research study on how a probiotic-based sanitation system can be applied to reduce HAI incidences. It notes that HAIs are a global concern that is heightened by drug resistant pathogens. The article focuses on HAI thus making it of interest to the clinical issue of concern. Ethical approval for the study protocol was sought from the institutional review board.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The study’s aim was to address the shortcomings of conventional cleaning. It noted that conventional cleaning was ineffective for hospital surfaces that are persistently contaminated thereby adding to the HAI incidences. A probiotic-based sanitation system was expected to be more effective in clearing contamination from hospital surfaces.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The study applied a multicenter, pre-post intervention design over a period of 18 months in six Italian public hospitals. The intervention was the probiotic-based sanitation system that was compared with conventional cleaning approaches. The study evaluated the contamination levels for the hospital surfaces before and after the intervention. Any differences in HAI incidences and surface contamination levels were attributed to the intervention.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The study applied a pre-post intervention design. This design was useful in presenting a ‘true’ awareness of the intervention under review. That is because all the variables were held constant except for the intervention that changed in the two periods.

Article 3.

Haverstick, S., Goodrich, C., Freeman, R., James, S., Kullar, R., & Ahrens, M. (2017). Patients’ Hand Washing and Reducing Hospital-Acquired Infection. Critical Care Nurse, 37(3), e1-e8. https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2017694 Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The article presents the results of a primary research study conducted to evaluate the implication of hand washing on HAI incidences. It acknowledges that handwashing among medical personnel has been effecting in reducing HAI incidences, and proposes that handwashing among patients could reduce the numbers further. This is important for the clinical issue of concern as it introduces a novel approach that could easily be overlooked. Ethical approval for the project was sought from the institutional review board with the need for informed consent waived as the study was categorized as a quality improvement project.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The aim of the study was to promote hand hygiene among patients as a strategy for reducing HAI incidences. It specifically sought to promote the use of soap and water, hand sanitizer and patient education as hand hygiene approaches.

The study applied a pre- and post-intervention design that compared performance before and after the intervention. The intervention involved providing the selected patient participants with individual hand sanitizer bottles and patient education on hand hygiene. The participants were subjected to a six-question survey before the intervention, at hospital discharge and 1, 2, and 3 months after the intervention.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The study adopted a primary research approach that engaged participants from among the patient population of interest. This was important for ensuring that the research collected current, original data that is highly specific to the research needs.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

Article 4.

Despotovic, A., Milosevic, B., Milosevic, I., Mitrovic, N., Cirkovic, A., Jovanovic, S., & Stevanovic, G. (2020). Hospital-acquired infections in the adult intensive care unit—Epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and risk factors for acquisition and mortality. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(10), 1211-1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.01.009 Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The article acknowledges that intensive care units (ICU) are a hot spot for HAIs and other adverse events. Given that ICUs are an important department in medical facilities, understanding how the care environment affects HAIs would be important in efforts to reduce infection incidences. The concern is heightened by the fact that antimicrobial resistance is increasing. Ethical approval for the study was sought from the institutional ethical committee with all data anonymized in the analysis.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The study sought to characterize HAI incidence in ICUs and identify the risk factors for HAI unique to the care environment. In fact, its aim was to look into HAIs in an adult ICU and identify the risk for acquiring HAI and associated mortality.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The study applies a retrospective research approach. This involves collecting and statistically analyzing medical records of 355 patients to the ICU as collected over a two-year period. Quantitative data was collected and statistically analyzed to explore HAI incidence rates, antimicrobial resistance rates, and predictors of HAI acquisition.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.

The study adopted a retrospective design. The strengths of this design are that it is less expensive to conduct as the data is already available as medical records, and it requires less time to complete. In addition, the retrospective research design allows for analysis of a large cohort, and allows for analysis of multiple outcomes.Essentials of Evidence-Based Practice.