Global Healthcare Issues Comparison Matrix on HIV/ AIDS between USA and South Africa
Portfolio Assignment: Global Healthcare Comparison Matrix and Narrative Statement
If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?
You would have a difficult time practicing as a nurse if you believed these to be true. But they are very real beliefs in some cultures.
Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and a host of other factors contribute to the complex environment that surrounds global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.
In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approach to this issue by the United States and by one other country. Global Healthcare Issues Comparison Matrix on HIV/ AIDS between USA and South Africa
To Prepare:
Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.
Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.
Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.
Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.
The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)
Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix
Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:
Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.
Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.
Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.
Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected.
Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.
Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.
Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.
Part 2: A Plan for Social Change
Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader.
In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader.
Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples
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Learning Resources
Required Readings
Milstead, J. A., & Short, N. M. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Chapter 11, “The Impact of Globalization: Nurses Influencing Global Health Policy” (pp. 194–208)
Corless, I. B., Nardi, D., Milstead, J. A., Larson, E., Nokes, K. M., Orsega, S., Kurth, A. E., … Woith, W. (2018). Expanding nursing’s role in responding to global pandemics. Nursing Outlook, 66(4), 412–415. Global Healthcare Issues Comparison Matrix on HIV/ AIDS between USA and South Africa
Donkin, A., Goldblatt, P., Allen, J., Nathanson, V., & Marmot, M. (2017). Global action on the social determinants of health. BMJ Global Health, 3(1).
Sandoval-Almazana, R., & Gil-Garcia, J. R. (2011). Are government internet portals evolving towards more interaction, participation, and collaboration? Revisiting the rhetoric of e-government among municipalities. Government Information Quarterly, 29(Suppl. 1), S72–S81.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). World Health Organization (WHO). http://www.who.int
Global Healthcare Issues: Comparison Matrix on HIV/ AIDS between USA and South Africa
Part 1: Comparison Table
| Global Healthcare Issue |
HIV/ AIDS |
|
| Description | HIV/ AIDS is an immunological illness that is managed by antiretroviral drugs. If not well managed it will eventually progress to full blown AIDS. | |
| Country | United States | South Africa |
| Describe the policy in each country related to the identified healthcare issue | The National HIV/AIDS Strategy focuses on preventing HIV/AIDS and providing assistance to those who are most susceptible (CDC, 2020). | The program is based on consensual screening and the start of funded antiretroviral therapy, or ART, for people who are discovered to be contaminated (UNAIDS, 2016). |
| What are the strengths of this policy? | It offers specialized assistance to the underprivileged, such as sex workers. | Discounted antiretroviral drugs ensure that people live longer lives. |
| What are the weaknesses of this policy? | The National HIV/AIDS Strategy focuses on HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. There is no system in place to include these vulnerable communities, and more remains to be improved. | ARV subsidies are contingent on external charity financing, which can be withdrawn at any moment. |
| Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the specified global health issue. (Be specific and provide examples) | Lack of access to quality healthcare as a result of poor socioeconomic level is a major social determinant of health (SDOH) that has a significant impact on this issue. To some degree, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 remedied this (Donkin et al., 2017; Kominski et al., 2017). | Low income levels, a lack of access to excellent healthcare services, low educational attainment, and bad living standards are the key SDOH influencing the problem in Africa. |
| How has each country’s government addressed cost, quality, and access to the selected global health issue? | Obamacare (ACA 2010) targeted affordability and accessibility, while the pay-for-performance component of the ACA 2010 tackled performance (Kominski et al., 2017; Holmström, B. (2017). | Donor financing has covered the cost of therapy in South Africa, allowing for discounted care. Nevertheless, due to a scarcity of competent healthcare professionals and even primary healthcare nurses, accessibility and performance remain important issues. |
| How has the identified health policy impacted the health of the global population? (Be specific and provide examples) | HIV/AIDS has had an influence on the worldwide population’s health because it is now a worldwide occurrence due to the ease of travelling. As a result, regulations across governments must be consistent and complimentary. | The effect on the worldwide population is that less sick people are on ARV medication, thus viral transmission remains concerning. |
| Describe the potential impact of the identified health policy on the role of nurse in each country. | The regulation has an effect on the functioning of the nurse in that it requires them to participate in more prevention measures, such as teaching, rather than medication. | Thus according regulation, the responsibility of the nurse in South Africa is to educate the population about being screened and starting ART for those who screened positive. Prevention education is also one of the nurse’s tasks. |
| Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. (Be specific and provide examples) | HIV/AIDS is a global health concern that has an effect on local policies since World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations must be customized. The optimum ARV mixes, for example, vary as per the strains isolated. | The WHO establishes management standards, which influence local legislation. For instance, the recommended ARV drug mix is based on local strain sensitivity. |
| General Notes/Comments | Regardless of the existence of the ACA 2010, much work remains to be done in the United States to cover all vulnerable members of society. | An important weakness is the over-dependence on outside humanitarian help. The government must develop long-term local answers to the expense problem. |
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Part 2: Plan for Social Transformation
The comparability grid above shows that there is still plenty that can be done within the boundaries of both states. The United States can generate funds for this purpose more effectively than South Africa. However, what is impeding growth is the mindset of politicians and officials who are solely concerned with their own self-interest. Individuals with HIV/AIDS who are afflicted from these illnesses are more likely to die earlier if adequate care is not available to patients. In the case of South Africa, all the government is supposed to do is rein in the rampant corruption in government agencies and ministries. This will provide the necessary finances for the procurement of ARVs using taxpayer monies.
Given the foregoing, a social change strategy ensuring justice and equitable treatment in HIV/AIDS care is essential. Nurses and their professional associations would be participating in the policy advocacy for this idea. It would also involve actions driven by the administration to assure accessibility, reliability, and pricing. As a result, professional nursing associations would lobby authorities to give free ARVs funded by taxpayers as part of the social change approach. Unlike unpredictability and uncertainty in foreign assistance, this will assure resource consistency and reliability. Incorporating global perspectives and recommendations into practice as a registered nurse will guarantee that evidence-based practice (EBP) is followed at all times. This also ensures optimal patient results. Global Healthcare Issues Comparison Matrix on HIV/ AIDS between USA and South Africa
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2022). National HIV/AIDS strategy. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/policies/nhas.html
Donkin, A., Goldblatt, P., Allen, J., Nathanson, V. & Marmot, M. (2017). Global action on the social determinants of health. BMJ Global Health, 3(e000603). http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000603
Hammer, D.G., & McPhee, S.J. (Eds). (2018). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine, 8th ed. McGraw-Hill Education.
Holmström, B. (2017). Pay for performance and beyond. American Economic Review, 107(7), 1753–1777. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.107.7.1753
Kominski, G.F., Nonzee, N.J. & Sorensen, A. (2017). The Affordable Care Act’s impacts on access to insurance and health care for low-income populations. Annual Review of Public Health, 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044555
UNAIDS (2016). South Africa takes bold step to provide HIV treatment for all. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2016/may/20160513_UTT#:~:text=GENEVA%2C%2013%20May%202016%E2%80%94The,%E2%80%9390%E2%80%9390%20treatment%20target.&text=South%20Africa%20already%20encourages%20everyone,at%20least%20once%20a%20year
Global Healthcare Issues Comparison Matrix on HIV/ AIDS between USA and South Africa
