Response to OBAFEMI O

My assigned disorder was male hypoactive sexual desire disorder while you handled male erectile disorder. Both of these disorders are sexual dysfunctions where the males have problems with experiencing sexual satisfaction, sexual desire or they are unable to respond to sexual stimulation (Sadock et al, 2014). However, these two sexual dysfunctions have different diagnostic criteria because they are characterized by varying symptoms.

For a diagnosis of male erectile disorder, an individual is supposed to manifest one or all the following symptoms in about 75%-100% of partnered sexual activity; significant difficulties in having an erection during sex; difficulties in maintaining an erection; and evidence reduction in erectile rigidity during sex (Gerbil et al, 2018). On the other hand, hypoactive sexual desire disorder is characterized by a lack of sexual desire or any sexual response to sexual activity. Diagnostic symptoms in hypoactive sexual desire disorder include lack of sexual urges and sexual desire and the individual lacking response to sexual stimulation (Clayton et al, 2018).

In both sexual dysfunctions, the symptoms should have been present for a period of six months and above. In addition, both sexual disorders require that the symptoms to lead to significant distress to the individual and the disorders should not be explained by any other medical condition, substance use or as a result of relationship distress or other significant stressors (Sadock et al, 2014).  Male Hypoactive sexual Desire Disorder Essay Example

References

Clayton A, Sheryl K & Irwin G. (2018). Evaluation and Management of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder. Sex Med. 6(2), 59–74.

Gerbil H, Larsen M, Graugaard C & Josefsson K. (2018). Physical Activity to Improve Erectile Function: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies. Sex Med. 6(2), 75–89.

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

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Male Erectile Disorder

Sexual dysfunctions are a heterogeneous group of disorders that refers to problems that thwart the individual male or female or couple from experiencing satisfaction from sexual activity or an inability to respond to sexual stimulation (Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, 2014).

According to DSM-5, sexual dysfunctions include, male erectile disorder, male hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female orgasmic disorder, delayed ejaculation, premature ejaculation. Genito -pelvic pain- penetration disorder, and substance – medication-induced sexual dysfunction disorder. Sexual dysfunctions can be a lifelong or acquired, generalized or situational. Sexual dysfunction is frequently connected with mental disorders, such as depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and schizophrenia. (Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, 2014).

Sexual dysfunctions can be treated with psychopharmacology and psychotherapy. The treatment will be individualized, based on a biopsychosocial approach and the combinations of various treatment modalities. In the last twenty-five years, there have been significant developments in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions namely in the area of sexual pharmacology (Gabbard, 2014). The topic selected for this important and interesting discussion is Male Erectile Disorder (Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, 2014).

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                                            Male Erectile Disorder

Erectile dysfunction means that a man is not able to have sex because he cannot get or keep an erection or male erectile dysfunction, historically known as impotence, is a type of sexual dysfunctions characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity. (Schwartz, & Kloner, 2011).

Erectile dysfunction affects about 30% of men between 40 and 70 years of age. There are several different causes of erectile dysfunctions including depression, low testosterone, nerve problems, and some medicines (e.g., Wellbutrin) but the most common cause is a problem with the blood vessels called atherosclerosis (Schwartz, & Kloner, 2011).

Diagnostic Criteria for Male Erectile Disorder

According to DSM-5 At least one of these three symptoms must be present or experienced on almost all or all occasions approximately 75% to 100% of partnered sexual activity and without the individual desiring delay:1. Marked difficulty in obtaining an erection during sexual intercourse 2. Noticeable difficulty in maintaining an erection until the completion of sexual intercourse 3. An apparent decrease in erectile rigidity. The symptoms must have continued for a minimum duration of approximately six months. The symptoms must be causing clinically significant distress in the man, and the sexual dysfunction is not better explained by a nonsexual mental disorder, or as a consequence of severe relationship distress or other significant stressors and is not attributable to the effects of a substance/ medicines or other medical condition (APA, 2013 ).Male Hypoactive sexual Desire Disorder Essay Example

Psychotherapy for Male Erectile Disorder

Psychotherapy for male erectile disorder includes psychoeducational, behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic, and interpersonal. The psychotherapy will also address coexisting mental disorders, such as persistent depressive disorder and various anxiety disorders which may be the contributing factors to male erectile dysfunction. Cognitive methods will be used to modify faulty beliefs and the attitudes of the individual with erectile disorder. Those with lifelong or primary erectile disorder, psychodynamic approach will be used, and psychoeducation will be combined with biological therapies. (Gabbard, 2014).

Psychopharmacology Treatment for Male Erectile Disorder

There are oral medicines that are used to treat men erectile dysfunctions the medications include: Viagra (Sildenafil), Avanafil (Stendra), Vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn), Tadalafil (Adcira, Cialis) (Stahl, 2014). Other oral preparations like Apomorphine 2-3 mg sublingually 15 to 25 minutes before sexual intercourse will improve erection. Pharmacological treatment just like psychotherapy should be individualized to meet the client’s desire and expectations, preferably including both partners in the treatment plan (Gabbard, 2014).

Conclusion

Male erectile dysfunction, factually known as impotence, is a type of sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual intercourse. (Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, 2014).

Criteria according to DSM-5 At least one of the three symptoms must be present or experienced one marked difficulty in obtaining an erection during sexual intercourse, marked difficulty in maintaining an erection until the completion of sexual intercourse and marked decrease in erectile rigidity. The symptoms must have persisted for a minimum duration of approximately six months (APA, 2013).

Male Erectile Disorder can be treated with psychotherapy, and drug therapy and the treatment will be individualized (Gabbard, 2014).

                                                    References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Gabbard, G. O. (2014). Gabbard’s treatment of psychiatric disorders (5th ed.).

Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publications.

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA:

Wolters Kluwer.

Schwartz Bryan, & Kloner Robert (2011). Cardiovascular Implications of Erectile Dysfunction. Retrieved from

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.017681

Stahl, S. M. (2014). Prescriber’s Guide: Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology (5th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.  Male Hypoactive sexual Desire Disorder Essay Example