Female Patient Cases-Case 3
Woman comes in complaining of a breast mass she found on breast self-examination. You have performed a comprehensive assessment and conclude that it is benign.
Questions for the case:
• Discuss the different types of benign mass.
• Discuss how do you differentiate them.
• Discuss the different types breast tissue sampling procedures done for these masses.
• Discuss the clinical presentations of malignant Breast Cancer.  Breast Mass For Female Patient Cases Essay Case Study

Submission Instructions:
• Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least at least 3 academic sources no older than 5 years (2016-2021).

Breast Mass: Female Patient Cases Case 3

A breast mass is a lump in the breast that develops over time. Breast lumps come in a variety of sizes and textures, and they can be painful. Some are only discovered after a physical or imaging examination. The majority of breast lumps are harmless, which means they are not malignant (Hammer & McPhee, 2018; Huether & McCance, 2017). When a clinician evaluates a breast mass, he or she normally does a thorough physical examination. A mammography and a breast ultrasound (radiologic imaging procedures) may be required to evaluate whether the lump is benign. Breast MRI, positron emission tomography or PET, CT scan, and scintimammography are some of the other imaging procedures that can be used to determine the nature of the mass. If the lump is benign, it should be left alone and will eventually dissolve. However, if determined to be cancerous, surgery may be required to resect it followed by either chemotherapy or radiotherapy (Hammer & McPhee, 2018; Huether & McCance, 2017). The purpose of this paper is to answer related questions about case study 3 concerning a female who has been confirmed to have a benign breast mass.  Breast Mass For Female Patient Cases Essay Case Study

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Different Types of Benign Mass

There are different types of benign masses and they are normally categorised and named according to the tissues or cells in which they grow. They include the following main classes (Jameson et al., 2018):

1. Lipomas: These are benign masses that grow out of fat cells. They are characteristically soft in texture and usually move under the skin when touched.
2. Adenomas: These masses form on organs and glands within their epithelial tissues.

• Myomas: These are benign masses that grow out of muscle tissue. The muscle can be skeletal muscle or smooth muscle. Examples are leiomyomas or uterine fibroids growing out of the myometrium.

1. Nevi: A nevus is a benign growth or discoloration of a cell commonly referred to as a mole. They are usually found in the skin.

How to Differentiate Benign Masses

Benign masses can be differentiated through both physical examination and biopsy. By performing a thorough physical examination and palpating the mass, it is possible to feel the texture of the mass and its consistency. For instance, a lipoma is soft to the touch. A most definitive way of differentiating the benign masses is however microscopy. Taking a biopsy will enable the cells of the mass to be examined under a microscope and the nature of the lump will be known (Hammer & McPhee, 2018; Jameson et al., 2018).

Types of Breast Tissue Sampling Procedures for Masses

Breast tissue sampling procedures are both radiologic (imaging) and non-radiologic. The most commonly used is biopsy which is non-radiologic in nature. It involves the taking of a small piece of tissue and examining the cell characteristics under a microscope. This is the surest way of tissue sampling and determination of tumor type (Hammer & McPhee, 2018; Jameson et al., 2018). The others are radiologic procedures and include MRI, mammography, PET scanning, CT scanning, and scintimammography amongst others.

Clinical Presentations of Malignant Breast Cancer

The clinical presentations of malignant breast cancer are characteristic. They include the presence of a growing mass or lump, abnormalities in the nipples such as indentation (inversion), pain on the breast, and skin changes such as redness (Hammer & McPhee, 2018; Jameson et al., 2018; Huether & McCance, 2017).

References

Hammer, D.G., & McPhee, S.J. (Eds). (2018). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine, 8^th ed. McGraw-Hill Education.

Huether, S.E. & McCance, K.L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology, 6^th ed. Elsevier, Inc.

Jameson, J.L., Fauci, A.S., Kasper, D.L., Hauser, S.L., Longo, D.L., & Loscalzo, J. (Eds) (2018). Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, 20^th ed. McGraw-Hill Education.  Breast Mass For Female Patient Cases Essay Case Study