Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay

In this assignment, you will be writing a 1,000-1,250 word paper describing the differing approaches of nursing leaders and managers to issues in practice. To complete this assignment, do the following:

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Select an issue from the following list: bullying, unit closers and restructuring, floating, nurse turnover, nurse staffing ratios, use of contract employees (i.e., registry and travel nurses), or magnet designation.Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
Describe the selected issue. Discuss how it impacts quality of care and patient safety in the setting in which it occurs.
Discuss how professional standards of practice should be demonstrated in this situation to help rectify the issue or maintain professional conduct.
Explain the differing roles of nursing leaders and nursing managers in this instance and discuss the different approaches they take to address the selected issue and promote patient safety and quality care. Support your rationale by using the theories, principles, skills, and roles of the leader versus manager described in your readings.
Discuss what additional aspects mangers and leaders would need to initiate in order to ensure professionalism throughout diverse health care settings while addressing the selected issue.
Describe a leadership style that would best address the chosen issue. Explain why this style could be successful in this setting.
Use at least three peer-reviewed journal articles other than those presented in your text or provided in the course.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

This benchmark assignment assesses the following programmatic competencies:

RN to BSN

1.1: Exemplify professionalism in diverse health care settings.

1.3: Exercise professional nursing leadership and management roles in the promotion of patient safety and quality care.

3.4: Demonstrate professional standards of practice.Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay

Approaches of Nursing Leaders and Managers to Issues in Practice: Nurse Shortage and Nurse Turnover Background In the healthcare field, nursing leaders and managers face consistent issues in their respective practices that force them to alter the way they work and the way they think. In taking on a role as a leader within the field, nursing leaders and managers also take on the role of ensuring that work within an organization runs smoothly regardless of new issues that may arise in the healthcare arena. For instance, in today’s healthcare environment, the issues of nurse shortage and nurse turnover have the capacity to alter the healthcare field and many of its respective branches and organizations should these problems not be managed properly by the leaders in the field. In viewing the issue at hand and in discovering how nursing leaders and managers are expected to act, and do act, in order to approach this issues, along with pinpointing the best approach possible to aid this issue, one can better understand which leadership styles are necessary for leaders to function. Dealing with Nurse Shortage and Nurse Turnover with Approach and Theory In viewing the issue at hand, it must be noted that the nurse shortage in the United States is not expected to stop any time soon. While the phrase “nurse shortage” has been mentioned for years in the U.S., with the nurse shortage expected to peak in 2020, the median age of nurses standing at 46 with 50%  Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay

Differing Approaches Of Nursing Leaders And Managers To Issues In Practice Research Paper:
Over the past few years, managers in the nursing fraternity have been using different approaches to solve emerging issues or nurse-related issues in their areas of jurisdiction. The main aim of these approaches is to ensure that nurses work in an environment which is favorable and above all in an effective and above all in a proper manner. Well, the issue of nurse shortage and nurse turn-over will be tackled in this essay and in addition to these two issues, I will make a comparison between different theories, principles and skills to be used by managers to handle or to solve nurse shortage and nurse turn-over issue. Lastly, I identify the approach that best fits my personal and professional philosophy of nursing
Nurse shortage and Nurse Turn-Over Issue
One of the questions which are frequently asked in our society is, “Is there a nursing shortage in the U.S.?” Well, it is unfortunate that the answer for this question is a simple yes. Research indicates that the United States of America experiences a big shortage of the Registered Nurses (RNs). This has negative effect on Baby Boomers age and above all the need for health care in the United States of America. The dynamics behind the demand and supply of nurse in the United States of America are dependent on several forces such as Medicaid and Medicare reimbursement among others. What have complicated the issue of nurse shortage in the United States of America are the variations of health delivery systems in different states or in different parts of the United States of America. Increased acuity of hospital patients, Hospital consolidation, increasingly competitive health care environment, and downsizing and reengineering are some of the main factors that are responsible for nurse shortage in the United States of America (Feldman, 2003).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
The problem of nurse shortage in the United States of America is alarming thus the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) is currently working with nursing organizations, policy makers, media, and schools to sensitize the public and the government on this healthcare concern. In addition to this, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) is leveraging the available resources that is essential or which will help when stakeholders and policy makers will be addressing nurse shortage in the United States of America. In fact the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) has developed a fact sheet showing the rate at which nurse shortage is alarming (Feldman, 2003).
When it comes to the issue of nurse-turn over, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) have identified three main causes and they include: personal reasons, staffing, and relationship between registered nurses and stakeholders in various hospitals. When it comes to personal reasons, nurses have been resigning or leaving their places of work because of their interest in getting a better pay. Some of the nurses opt to operate in private entities because there is a believe that they will be earning a lot of profits as compared to a situation whereby they are employed by the government (Finkler & McHugh, 2008).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
Punke (2013) argues when it comes to the issue of staffing, nurses especially employed in the public hospitals do believe that they are given a lot of work yet their number is less as compared to other professionals working with them in the hospital. Lastly is the issue of relationship whereby a number of nurses are not in good terms with their managers or with physicians who have been employed by the hospital. As a result of these poor relationships, some nurses decide to quite their job and look for another one.
Compare and Contrast Different Theories, Principles, Skills Would Use By Nursing Leaders/Managers to Approach Nurse Shortage Nurse Turn-Over Issue
Managers employed by different hospitals to ensure that nurses work effectively have to make use of different theories, principles, and skills in order to make sure the problem of nurse shortage and nurse-turnover is solved amicably. It will be a prudent idea for nurse managers to equip themselves with good communication skills. This is essential in that they will be in a better position to understand the problems facing nurses in their respective place of work. In addition to this, good communication skills will help nurse managers to solve relationship issues between nurses and physicians as well as between nurses and the nurse managers themselves (Wright, Bretthauer & Côté, 2006).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
The other essential principle which will help nurse managers to solve the issue of nurse shortage and nurse turn-over is for them to conduct a survey. By doing this, nurse managers will be in a position to take note of some of the causes of these two main issues. Similarly, data collected will help these managers to come up with a strategy that will solve these problems. For example, recommendations on better pay and good working conditions will help them to solve nurse shortage and nurse turn-over issue (Punke, 2013). In addition to this, through the survey, nurse managers will be in a position to identify the best avenues that will help to ensure that the relationship between nurses and other professionals in the hospital is positive.
Furthermore, there is an urgent need for nurse managers to ensure that their respective hospitals are equipped with a software system. This software system will be helpful in the recruitment of nurses because they will be in a position to know the number of nurses that are needed to be employed. In addition to this, the software system will help them to monitor nurse turn-over in that roles and responsibilities among nurses and other employees will be distributed equally thus cases of overload will be avoided and the number of nurses resigning will be minimized (Pham & Klinkert, 2008).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
Best Fits Approach
Considering the fact that, we have identified different approaches to be used by nurse managers who are tasked with the responsibility to ensure that nurse shortage and nurse turn-over is something of the past, I do believe that communication is an essential tool. In this case, nurse managers should ensure that, communication between them and the nurses is two way. Nurses should be allowed to raise their concern without being subjected to any form or any kind of intimidation at all. By doing this, nurse managers will be in a position to find the best solution to the problem of nurse shortage and nurse turn-over in their hospitals (Boyle & Kochinda, 2004).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
Conclusion
The problem of nurse shortage and nurse-turnover in our hospitals is alarming. Nurse Managers should work hand in hand with the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) as well as with the stakeholders and government officials in coming up with the best solutions to this problem. Unless immediate action is taken, the health sector on the verge of falling into a limbo. As noted above, communication is an essential tool, therefore, managers should embrace dialogue and they will rest assured of getting the root causes of these two main issues. In short, the issue of nurse shortage and nurse turn-over can be solved if managers, stakeholder, the general public and government authorities will work hand in hand.Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay

Leadership is essential to the successful management in the field of nursing. However, nursing leaders and employees have different views on the type of leadership style to be adapted for best results. Owing to the challenges in the nursing leadership, re-evaluation of current managerial tactics is necessary. A nurse leader must master delegation because it constitutes a critical portion of the effective leadership and success in the patient care. Since we live in a multi-cultural nation; good leaders should consider all aspects of a person including cultural diversity. Time management skills, self-efficacy and assertive communication are the other significant qualities of nurse leaders. All the attributes of a nurse leader influence the quality of care provided to the patients.Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
One of the nursing leadership approaches is transformational style. A transformational leader is the one who employs good and qualitative styles associated with improvement in patient care. This style inspires the others to develop and implement leadership qualities. It comprises charisma, self-confidence, inspiration, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration. The transformational leader motivates the other nurses; he is sensitive to the needs of his subordinates and communicates effectively. This style of leadership increases the staff satisfaction leading to an overall reduction of nurse turnover and an increase in patient satisfaction (Smith, 2011). Though transformational leadership promotes nursing excellence, the difference in the interpretation of the nursing styles between the nurse leader and the staff is often associated with decreased satisfaction with the leadership (Andrews, 2012).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay

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Several studies have been done to establish a relationship between managerial competencies, personal characteristics and leadership style of the nursing leaders. Managerial competencies refer to the ability of the nursing leaders to manage the other nurses well. The managerial competencies of nurse leaders consist of characteristics like visionary leadership, conflict resolution, effective communication, problem solving abilities and teamwork. The issues requiring apt management by nursing leaders include conflict resolution and addressing the laziness of employees. A leader must, therefore, have qualities or competencies that help in problem solving and conflict resolution. A leader who is a great manager is the one who is long-sighted. A leader must be a person who considers the future and not just the present. The leader must know that future healthcare depends on the present health care. Another important attribute of a nurse leader is delegation. Delegation of work by the leaders increases the satisfaction amongst the employees and nurses working under them. All these characteristics and attributes positively correlate with the patient care both in the short- and the long-terms (Lorber & Savic, 2000).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
There is no dearth of knowledge regarding the appropriate leadership styles for nursing fields. However, inappropriate leadership styles are used by the nursing leaders in many healthcare set-ups. Therefore, a uniform and unique healthcare model for all institutions must be formed so that the country can properly facilitate the reforms needed in the healthcare system or sector. The country must also facilitate the competency evaluation and consistent monitoring of the leader’s work so that the results can be seen and appreciated. The leaders that do not furnish appropriate results may be denied their leadership roles (Lorber & Savic, 2000).
The definition of leadership is multi-faceted. All sectors in the society, from the business to the financial sector and even the nursing or the healthcare sector require good leadership for greater productivity. According to Giltinane (2013), leadership in the working environment is of utmost significance. Direct involvement of the leadership is advised because leaders motivate the employees to go beyond the call of duty. The leader’s role is to ‘elicit effective performance from others.’ The leader influences and guides others towards positive results and productivity. They empower the employees and, therefore, increase organizational loyalty, job satisfaction and reduce sickness levels. The direct involvement of nursing leaders in the actual work of taking care of patients encourages the other nurses to work and to take care of the patients in a better way. Hence, the nursing leader must have personality traits, emotional intelligence and apt cognitive responses that are able to inspire others to work harder and better in their work stations. Thus, a positive productivity is associated with good leadership styles. Effective leadership also requires trust between the leader and the staff. Therefore, the leader should treat them fairly and acknowledge individual achievements. A good leader shows interest in the working of the staff, listens to their problems and helps them in decision making (Giltinane, 2013).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
The leader is a person who can inspire those behind him. This means that the followers should be able to agree with their leader, and the leader should be able to make them see the things the way he sees them. Overall, there should be an agreement between the leader and the followers regarding the goal(s). A respectful leader is the one who inspires the subordinate(s) to achieve the positive and effective results of the laid plans (Boyle & Kochinda, 2004). The registered nurses are trained to use techniques of the goal-oriented path to delegate more effectively to the patient care tasks. Delegation is an entry level skill and is the ability to be able to assign duties well to the respective people. Lack of delegation skills is a potential cause for negative and adverse outcome(s) resulting from ineffective supervision (Boyle & Kochinda, 2004).
A good nursing leader must learn the skill of delegation through educational and practical experience. Thus, a nursing leader can’t live without the delegation power, and every success of a registered nurse will depend on their power to effectively delegate duties well. Delegation has the major role in leadership and has the determination of how the leaders perform their duties. The results in positive or negative outcomes in patients measure the level of delegation in nurses. Therefore, a successful leader is the one who possesses the qualities to delegate duties well to the subordinate staff (Dunham-Taylor, 2000).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
Confidence is the value of self-belief that a nurse should possess to be able to delegate patient care tasks. Research shows that demographic variables, registered nurses leadership skills and confidence in delegation are related to the outcomes of patient care in a community teaching hospital. The level of confidence is vital in the process of delegating duties among the registered nurses. The low level of confidence affects the delegation of tasks by the nurses adversely and may result in poor patient outcomes. Therefore, the level of confidence in the nurse leaders directly influences to the productivity in the health centers (Saccomano & Pinto-Zipp, 2011).
In a recent study, it was hypothesized that registered nurses who demonstrated a supportive leadership style will report more confidence in delegating patient care tasks than the ones with either directive or participative styles. The hypothesis failed to hold from the research conducted and thus, the level of confidence was not justified as a measure to alter the delegating process. The level of confidence was then correlated to the delegation of duties by the nurses. In a healthcare setting, some departments help to develop the delegating skills while others do not. Therefore, the skill may or may not develop in the leader. Also, the level of confidence in the nurses will help in increasing the productivity level as they are aware of what they are doing and are not undertaking a trial process. If the nurses undertake their duty with confidence, their productivity levels are bound to increase (Saccomano & Pinto-Zipp, 2011).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
The nurses serve the patients with very distinct cultural beliefs. Some of the issues that face the nurses due to such occurrences include the language barrier in cases where the nurse is serving a patient from a different ethnicity or with communication problems. Secondly, there can be the cases of prejudice. They may serve the patients with their belief about the patient or what they think rather than taking keen interest in the problem faced by the patient. Thirdly, they could be ethnocentric. The issue is more problematic where a nurse is serving patients from a country that has different ethnicities, religion and/or cultural beliefs. The nurse may serve in favor of some ethnic groups, religions or communities. In the case, a hospital is not in the position of solving the issue of biasness, the simple acts of favoring one group of patients and not-favoring the other group(s) may settle an institutional trend. This type of trends may lead to the loss of nurses as well as the healthcare organization(s). Therefore, much needs to be done about the issue of cultural competence in nursing students and faculty. Psychological empowerment is considered as the best option to enhance the cultural competence. Nurses should be trained on how to give equal treatment to the patients of different backgrounds. They should have the capacity of understanding that every patient is as important as the others and the services and resources should be allocated equitably and not by bias of issues such as ethnicity, religion or race. A perception is very powerful and can lead to justice in any service. The decisions of nurses should be autonomous with a professional basis in the decision making process. This can be installed by bringing in such study fields in nursing schools as well as seminars in places of work. The nurses should be empowered by the knowledge and not pressure (Dreher, & MacNaughton, 2002; Lipson & Desantis, 2007). A nursing leader has several roles in a culturally diverse healthcare system. In any hospital setting with culturally diverse nursing workforce, the nurse leader should be fair and unbiased towards all the staff members irrespective of their background. Leadership directly affects the staff retention, level of motivation and quality of the care provided. Therefore, a good leader should be able to generate and maintain a diverse workforce for the provision of culturally relevant care.Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
According to Skim and Miller’s theoretical framework (1999),(I could not find this reference??) there is a given process of achieving a sensitive process of changing the perception of a nurse or healthcare provider. The process involves the steps mentioned below:

• Understanding cultural diversity: Learning different cultural practices from other countries from where the practitioner might get clients.
• Increasing cultural awareness: It involves teaching the nurses to be mild on cultural decisions and not acting in the favor of some patients at the expense of others.
• Minimizing cultural sensitivity by uniting the community: This means that the patients work together with the medical practitioners in improving health standards. They communicate well and try to understand each other.
• Eradicate cultural competence behavior in the individual(s): In cases of cultural differences, the different cultures may be competing on usage of health resources. Nurses are not supposed to be a part of this fight. Therefore, they should remain neutral.

Such a process has the capacity of making a nurse act more professionally and avoiding being biased (Dreher, & MacNaughton, 2002).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
In a study conducted in Australia, there was much effect of diversity on medical practices as well as medical practitioners and patients. Biases were noted in the nursing practice, and the patients with chronic diseases were very much affected in terms of the provided healthcare. Therefore, medical professionals need training on how to be of higher importance to such patients. The patients include diabetics, cardiovascular patients and others chronic disease patients. These patients need medical training on how to manage the illnesses and conditions when the medical practitioners are not around. The healthcare of these patients may be adversely affected if they are subjected to bias. Hence, the medical practitioners are needed to ensure a diverse cultural understanding of the community they are dealing with (Pardue & Morgan, 2008).
Another study was done in three different first world countries viz. the USA, Canada, and Switzerland. In all the three countries, the research gave a positive report about the diversifying services in the medical sector. Such diversities included overcoming language barriers. One of the best examples of the study was in the USA, in a clinic where physicians were facing a little challenge with language problems with some of their patients. They were not in a position to communicate perfectly with other patients other than the ENL speakers (ENL- English Native Language). The researchers brought interpreters of other languages and communication flow was improved. The result was evident from the customer satisfaction analysis. It proven that the services were appreciated 140% of the previous level of appreciation, an implication that diversifying cultural practices, such as teaching nurses different languages is of utmost significance to service improvement process in hospitals as well as clinics and also medical practices at homes (Pardue & Morgan, 2008).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
Cultural diversity has been discussed as a way of improving the services of nurses and medical practitioners. It is of high importance to consider communication. To get better services, a nurse or any other practitioner must be in a position of understanding the language of the patient quite vividly, implying that the practitioner will be able to know the problem faced by his or her patient. For example, if a French speaking patient who does not communicate in fluent English is assigned to an American nurse, a communication breakdown is expected since most American health workers are trained in English (Flores, 2006).
In order to come up with a better understanding, medical practitioners should have cultural diversities. They should understand several languages and, therefore, be able to serve patients better. There is also a possibility of working with interpreters. It is, however, not only a matter of spoken language; the dumb might also need to be served in a hospital. They communicate using sign language. Interpreters of such signs should be available to ensure communication between the patient and the nurse (Gerrish, Chau, Sobowale & Briks, 2004).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay
Patients and medical practitioners need to work together interactively. Hence, there should be a clear understanding of communication from both sides. The nurses need psychological preparations that are of importance to them during the process of providing medical services to patients. Language barrier and other issues due to culture should be dealt with; they are a barrier to communication as well as efficient medical services. Patients with chronic diseases need attention and well stated instructions, since in the absence of doctors and medical practitioners they are supposed to nurse themselves. The process of treating them, therefore, needs to be communicated well to them, to avoid misunderstanding due to cultural differences including the language barrier (Flores, 2006).Approaches of Nursing Leaders And Managers Essay