Understanding The Biopsychosocial Model: The Three Components And Their Importance In Clinical Care

The biopsychosocial model is an important component of accurate diagnosis, health outcomes, and clinical care in clinical settings. It is a means of interpreting an individual’s subjective experience as a vital contribution to accurate diagnosis, health outcomes, and clinical treatment. Providing career opportunities to people suffering from mental illness or substance abuse has been accomplished through the implementation of this model in care. The model provides a theoretical framework that brings out the concept that biological, psychological, and social factors significantly influence human health and disease (Papadimitriou, 2017). The three factors form the main components of the model and will be discussed individually below.

The biological component of the model includes components such as client gender, physical illnesses, disability, alteration in one’s genetic makeup, immune status, neurochemistry, and stressors that determine the susceptibility of an individual’s body system to ill health. An example is alcoholism and substance abuse in individuals which runs in families and can be attributed to a specific gene responsible for the disorder and is passed in family lines. Family history is an important component that can help health care providers identify risk populations for specific diseases to facilitate early detection and initiation of appropriate interventions (Wade & Halligan, 2017). Medical history, current physical health information, pre-existing medical issues, family medical history (which can be relevant to some conditions), and any other data pertaining to the client’s physical health make up the biological component of a case evaluation (Wade & Halligan, 2017).

Psychological elements that are frequently a significant factor in how a client responds to treatment and can have an impact on their recovery are discussed. This section contains information regarding a client’s mental health and is intended for professionals. A few examples of psychological issues include mood disorders, trauma (such as child abuse or sexual assault), symptoms of sadness or anxiety, and substance abuse or addiction, among other things (Kusnanto et al., 2018). The psychological component can be viewed in addiction which is a behavior pattern affected by a person’s personality trait, past experiences, and current circumstances which in most cases impact them negatively.  Biological Component Of The Biopsychosocial Model Essay Paper

It is crucial to include social issues since they might have an impact on both the availability of services and the response of clients to therapy. Among the social factors considered are things such as the client’s socioeconomic status, employment status including the type of employment, education level, housing status, for example, renting or owning a home, whether the client has children or other dependents who require caregiving support from the client, whether the client has access to transportation and the type if any, and whether the client has enough food. Other factors that come in which in the social component are cultural implications, family backgrounds, and education levels determine the response of clients to clinical care when managed for various pathologies and other chronic illnesses (Kusnanto et al., 2018).

This biological component of the biopsychosocial model includes the client’s genetics, metabolism, hormone levels and levels of neurotransmitters, and other biological processes. Blood testing and other physical examinations can be used by nurses and wives to determine whether or not clients have chronic conditions that require early and appropriate interventions. To comprehend how a person’s mental health problems may be influenced by their biological make-up, it is necessary to first understand what causes them.

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The Psychological Component Of The Biopsychosocial Model

The psychological component is related to the client’s mental processes, such as their thoughts and beliefs which are potential predisposing factors to illnesses like major depression, substance abuse, and personality disorders. The use of psychological assessments by psychologists can help them understand how a client’s personality traits and coping methods have been influenced by their life events, as well as if those features are contributing to their mental health problems (Tripathi et al., 2019). Taking appropriate mental state examinations when these clients present in primary care centers is important in ensuring mental pathologies are picked up by the nurses and wives for early care. Post-partum depression can be prevented or managed adequately if appropriate evaluations of pregnant women are effectively evaluated by midwives and nurses in labor wards (Ghaedrahmati et al., 2017).

The social component consists of social institutions and social connections that have an impact on the individual’s daily activities and well-being. It is also possible that an individual’s social level and cultural background will have an impact on their mental health problems. Health care nurses need to evaluate the level of education of their clients, families, and cultural backgrounds because these have a direct implication on the mental health of their clients (Rodríguez-Otero et al., 2021). Incidences of suicide are affected by relational, communal, and social factors therefore the social component of clients must be evaluated (Rodríguez-Otero et al., 2021).

Nurses and wives can effectively use the components of biopsychosocial in intervening in the mental conditions that their clients are suffering from.

First and foremost, they can utilize it to guide mental health screenings and diagnoses, allowing the care provider to accurately identify and characterize specific difficulties while not forgetting any contributing elements (biological or social) that may be underlying their symptoms. Screening in the primary care settings puts into account factors responsible for patient mental pathologies and exhausting the components of the model will help the nursing professionals conclude the client’s mental condition (Kusnanto et al., 2018).

Additionally, they can utilize this model to develop suitable treatment plans for patients suffering from mental health issues, ensuring that each facet of the patient’s circumstance is taken into consideration when developing intervention strategies. Effective treatment plans ensure good quality of life for clients. The biopsychological model guides the use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for patient care. Cognitive behavior therapy, family therapy, and motivational interviewing techniques can offer the best outcome for patients with varied mental issues (Mavranezouli et al., 2020).

Finally, nurses and midwives can utilize this model to identify instances in which intervention may be required by focusing on all three components of an individual’s well-being when assessing their overall health state, rather than just one. A nurse could utilize the biopsychosocial model to aid someone suffering from the symptoms of depression by first considering their biological variables, and then addressing their social and emotional needs. Hormone levels and brain chemicals are examples of things to look at in this category (Kankaanpää et al., 2022).

The nurse could next assess their psychological aspects, such as whether they have recently been traumatized or whether they are experiencing poor life satisfaction. Finally, they would take into account the person’s social circumstances, which may include things like whether or not they have a good support network of family and friends and how much pressure they feel from society as a whole (Kusnanto et al., 2018).

The Social Component Of The Biopsychosocial Model

Social prescribing, also known as community referral, is a method for GPs, nurses, and other health and care providers to refer patients to a variety of non-clinical services in their community. To improve the health and well-being of the people in their community. It has the potential to increase primary care networks’ capacity. Social prescribing has been shown to have a variety of good health and well-being benefits. Improvements in quality of life, emotional well-being, and depression and anxiety levels have all been reported in studies. It improves people’s outcomes by giving them more choice and control over their life, as well as increasing their sense of belonging when they join community groups. It is also an important aspect of community-centered practice since it is successful at addressing the causes of health inequities. It allows patients to be more involved in their health. Patients’ lives can be enhanced by providing them with the appropriate support for their condition before it worsens or becomes too hard to bear. Assessing what kind of care and assistance people need, such as physical activities, gaining new skills, establishing friends, finding work, and analyzing their progress are all examples of social prescribing (Thew et al., 2017).

Social prescribing connects people in need of non-medical help with local groups and activities that can help them with the goal of promoting people’s health and well-being by introducing them to community services and volunteer organizations for practical or emotional assistance, such as gardening clubs and cooking lessons. The emphasis is on assisting people in helping themselves by boosting their confidence and self-esteem. Nurses and midwives can collaborate closely with community organizations to decide what activities and services would be most useful to the individuals they serve. This may necessitate some independent research to see what services are available in their region, as well as meetings with organizations to learn more about what they have to offer (Husk et al., 2019).

Nurses and midwives can refer their patients straight to the activities or services that would be most beneficial to them after determining which activities and services would be most beneficial to them. They could also wish to follow up with the patient after making a referral, such as by contacting or emailing them to see how things went at the organization’s facilities (or if there were any issues) (Husk et al., 2019).

Conclusion

The social, biological, and psychological components of the biopsychosocial model are critical elements which can be used effectively in health care to enhance better outcomes in patient care. Nurses and mid wives can use this model in the screening, diagnosis, and management of mental illnesses to bring about a good quality of life. Patients with depression, anxiety disorders, and other mental illnesses have greatly benefited from this modality.

References

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Husk, K., Elston, J., Gradinger, F., Callaghan, L., & Asthana, S. (2019). Social prescribing: where is the evidence? The British Journal of General Practice: The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 69(678), 6–7. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp19X700325

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Kusnanto, H., Agustian, D., & Hilmanto, D. (2018). The biopsychosocial model of illnesses in primary care: A hermeneutic literature review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 7(3), 497–500.

https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_145_17

Mavranezouli, I., Megnin-Viggars, O., Grey, N., Bhutani, G., Leach, J., Daly, C., Dias, S., Welton, N. J., Katona, C., El-Leithy, S., Greenberg, N., Stockton, S., & Pilling, S. (2020). Cost-effectiveness of psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults. PloS One, 15(4), e0232245.

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Papadimitriou, G. (2017). The “Biopsychosocial Model”: 40 years of application in Psychiatry. Psychiatric, 28(2), 107–110.

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Rodríguez-Otero, J. E., Campos-Mouriño, X., Meilán-Fernández, D., Pintos-Bailón, S., & Cabo-Escribano, G. (2021). Where is the social in the biopsychosocial model of suicide prevention? The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 207640211027210.  Biological Component Of The Biopsychosocial Model Essay Paper