Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children Option 2: A Severely
Underweight 12 Year-Old Hispanic Girl with Underweight Parents
Diagnostic physical examination is a skill that every clinician is expected to develop for successful clinical practice. It includes inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation as the four basic methods of achieving diagnosis (Ball et al., 2019; Bickley, 2017). . In children, weight is one of the indicators of health and well-being. Every developmental milestone or age is associated with a particular weight range for boys and girls. Being underweight is associated with having underlying health problems and may be due to chronic malnutrition or a pathological process. Likewise, being overweight or obese in a child is also associated with malnutrition or an underlying condition. This paper is about the diagnostic assessment of a 12 year-old girl who is severely underweight.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.ORDER HERE A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE
Relevant Health Issues and Risks
The 12 year-old girl in this case is Hispanic and is severely underweight, suffering from failure to thrive. She also has underweight parents, a fact that may indicate that she suffers from a familial problem. It appears that her underweight status is so severe that she is getting bullied by other children for it. There are several health issues and risks that may underlie the Hispanic girl’s severe underweight problem. These include (Cleveland Clinics, 2020; Hammer & McPhee, 2018):Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
- A lack of enough calorific intake. It may be that this girl comes from such a poor background that the family cannot afford enough meals with enough calories to enable the girl to grow normally. This is a real possibility given that even the parents are underweight.
- Underlying neurological problems such as a cleft palate or cerebral palsy. These will make it difficult for the girl to swallow and hence predispose her to becoming underweight because of insufficient nutrients.
- A deficiency of pancreatic digestive enzymes. This will interfere with digestion by preventing the child’s body from digesting and absorbing nutrients.
- Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders such as Crohn’s disease. These are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) that are in most part hereditary. This could explain why this girl’s parents are also underweight. The conditions are life-long and cause chronic inflammation of the bowel with inability to both properly digest foods and absorb nutrients.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
- An overactive thyroid gland (an endocrine disorder) or a heart condition. The former makes the girl overuse calories in disproportionate quantities to what is taken in. The latter makes the girl unable to eat well because of struggling to breathe all the time.
- Renal insufficiency or a genetic disorder. These can also affect the physiology of the child’s body in profound ways. Hereditary genetic mutations in particular may mean that the girl lacks some important enzymes for bodily processes just like her parents.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
Additional Information Needed to Further Assess the Hispanic Girl’s Weight-Related Health
In performing the 12 year-old Hispanic girl’s assessment, additional information can be derived from the historian presenting the girl. This additional information would relate to:
- The immunization history of the girl from birth to the current age. This will help in ruling out some of the conditions that could be underlying the girl’s low weight.
- The past medical history. Getting to know whether the girl has been admitted to the hospital in the past and for what reasons is extremely important in establishing the cause(s) of her low weight. It could be that she already has a known chronic disease that is causing her not to thrive.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
- Family and social history. This history or information will reveal details of the girl’s social background. It will also help determine whether there are other persons in the family who are also underweight apart from the parents. This determination will help in deciding whether the familial factor can be explored further.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
Risks, Further Information, Specific Questions, and Strategies for Proactivity
The risks that this girl could be facing have already been discussed above and will only be summarized here. They are that (i) the girl could be suffering from the effects of not getting enough nutritional requirements due to low socioeconomic status. This is plausible, given that the girl comes from a marginalised community with low socio-economic status as one of the most important social determinants of health (SDOH); (ii) the girl could be having underlying pathophysiological problems making her nutritional status compromised. She could be having neurological conditions making it difficult for her to swallow anything well such as cerebral palsy, a pancreatic disorder, an inflammatory bowel disease like Crohn’s disease, an overactive thyroid, a heart condition, or a kidney problem (Cleveland Clinics, 2020; Hammer & McPhee, 2018).Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.(iii) Lastly is the possibility that the Hispanic girl could be suffering from a genetic disorder caused by polymorphisms. Further information would be gleaned from the past medical, family, social, and immunization histories. Laboratory examination would also reveal more information on whether the girl is also anemic, for instance. A lot of tact has to be used by the clinician, including avoiding suggestive questions such as “Can you afford three balanced meals in a day?” and so on. To this end, three specific questions I would ask about the child for more information are: (i) Does the child have a good appetite when they are given food? (ii) Does the girl have any other siblings and do they have a similar problem? (iii) Is the girl active like any other children or does she complain of getting tired quickly when she is playing with her age mates? The two strategies I would give the caregivers or parents to make them proactive about this girl’s health and weight are that first they should get psychological counseling for the child to make her know that she is still beautiful despite her small weight. This is important given that she has suffered bullying. Second, they should try to always eat together as a family with the girl. This will spur her to eat as she sees other family members also eating.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
Conclusion
Underweight is one of the major risk factors to well-being, especially with children who are still developing. When carrying out history taking and physical examination, clinicians must be skilled enough to get out information that would shed light to possible causes of the problem from the subjective history. This requires tact and cultural competency and sensitivity, especially when dealing with minority communities such as Hispanics.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
Assignment 1: Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children
When seeking to identify a patient’s health condition, advanced practice nurses can use a diverse selection of diagnostic tests and assessment tools; however, different factors affect the validity and reliability of the results produced by these tests or tools. Nurses must be aware of these factors in order to select the most appropriate test or tool and to accurately interpret the results.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
Not only do these diagnostic tests affect adults, body measurements can provide a general picture of whether a child is receiving adequate nutrition or is at risk for health issues. These data, however, are just one aspect to be considered. Lifestyle, family history, and culture—among other factors—are also relevant. That said, gathering and communicating this information can be a delicate process.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
For this Assignment, you will consider the validity and reliability of different assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You will explore issues such as sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. You will also consider examples of children with various weight issues. You will explore how you could effectively gather information and encourage parents and caregivers to be proactive about their children’s health and weight.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
To Prepare
- Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider factors that impact the validity and reliability of various assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You also will review examples of pediatric patients and their families as it relates to BMI.
- By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to one of the following Assignment options by your Instructor: Adult Assessment Tools or Diagnostic Tests (option 1), or Child Health Case (Option 2). Note: Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignments from your Instructor.
- Search the Walden Library and credible sources for resources explaining the tool or test you were assigned. What is its purpose, how is it conducted, and what information does it gather?Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
- Also, as you search the Walden library and credible sources, consider what the literature discusses regarding the validity, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, ethical dilemmas, and controversies related to the test or tool.
- If you are assigned Assignment Option 2 (Child), consider what health issues and risks may be relevant to the child in the health example.
- Based on the risks you identified, consider what further information you would need to gain a full understanding of the child’s health. Think about how you could gather this information in a sensitive fashion.
- Consider how you could encourage parents or caregivers to be proactive toward the child’s health.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
The Assignment
Assignment (3–4 pages, not including title and reference pages):
Assignment Option 1: Adult Assessment Tools or Diagnostic Tests:
Include the following:
- A description of how the assessment tool or diagnostic test you were assigned is used in healthcare.
- What is its purpose?
- How is it conducted?
- What information does it gather?
- Based on your research, evaluate the test or the tool’s validity and reliability, and explain any issues with sensitivity, reliability, and predictive values. Include references in appropriate APA formatting.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
- Assignment Option 2: Child Health Case(am assigned option 2) – Severely underweight 12-year-old Hispanic girl with underweight parents who has been bullied in school just recently
Include the following:
- An explanation of the health issues and risks that are relevant to the child you were assigned.
- Describe additional information you would need in order to further assess his or her weight-related health.
- Identify and describe any risks and consider what further information you would need to gain a full understanding of the child’s health. Think about how you could gather this information in a sensitive fashion.
- Taking into account the parents’ and caregivers’ potential sensitivities, list at least three specific questions you would ask about the child to gather more information.
- Provide at least two strategies you could employ to encourage the parents or caregivers to be proactive about their child’s health and weight.Case Study Assignment: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests in Adults and Children.
Assignment_1_Rubric_Option_2
- Grid View
- List View
| Excellent | Good | Fair | Poor | ||
| In 3–4 pages, address the following: An explanation of the health issues and risks that are relevant to the child you were assigned. | 20 (20%) – 25 (25%)
The response clearly, accurately, and in detail explains the relevant health issues and risks for the assigned child. |
19 (19%) – 24 (24%)
The response accurately explains the relevant health issues and risks for the assigned child. |
18 (18%) – 23 (23%)
The response vaguely and with some inaccuracy explains the relevant health issues and risks for the assigned child. |
0 (0%) – 17 (17%)
The response is inaccurate and/or missing explanations of the relevant health issues and risks for the assigned child. |
|
| Describe additional information you would need in order to further assess his or her weight-related health. | 20 (20%) – 25 (25%)
The response clearly and accurately describes detailed additional information needed to further assess the child’s weight-related health. |
19 (19%) – 24 (24%)
The response accurately describes additional information needed to further assess the child’s weight-related health. |
18 (18%) – 23 (23%)
The response vaguely and with some inaccuracy describes additional information needed to further assess the child’s weight-related health. |
0 (0%) – 17 (17%)
The response is inaccurate and/or missing a description of additional information needed to further assess the child’s weight-related health. |
|
| Identify and describe any risks, and consider what further information you would need to gain a full understanding of the child’s health. Think about how you could gather this information in a sensitive fashion. | 18 (18%) – 20 (20%)
The response clearly and accurately identifies and describes in detail any risks to the child’s health. The response clearly and accurately identifies and describes in detail further information needed to gain a full understanding of the child’s health, with a detailed explanation of how to gather that information in a way that is sensitive to the child. |
16 (16%) – 17 (17%)
The response accurately identifies and describes any risks to the child’s health. The response accurately identifies and describes further information needed to gain a full understanding of the child’s health, with a clear explanation of how to gather that information in a way that is sensitive to the child. |
14 (14%) – 14 (14%)
The response vaguely and with some inaccuracy identifies and describes any risks to the child’s health. The response vaguely identifies and describes further information needed to gain a full understanding of the child’s health, with a vague explanation of how to gather that information in a way that is sensitive to the child. |
0 (0%) – 13 (13%)
The response identifies inaccurately and/or is missing descriptions of any risks to the child’s health. The response identifies inaccurately and/or is missing descriptions of further information needed to gain a full understanding of the child’s health, with an inadequate or missing explanation of how to gather that information in a way that is sensitive to the child. |
|
| Taking into account the parents’ and caregivers’ potential sensitivities, list at least three specific questions you would ask about the child to gather more information. | 10 (10%) – 10 (10%)
The response clearly and accurately lists three or more specific questions that would gather more information about the child. Specific questions are carefully worded to clearly demonstrate sensitivity to the parent(s) or caregiver(s) of the child. |
9 (9%) – 9 (9%)
The response lists three specific questions that would gather more information about the child. Specific questions are worded to demonstrate sensitivity to the parent(s) or caregiver(s) of the child. |
8 (8%) – 8 (8%)
The response lists three questions with wording that is vague and lacking specificity for gathering more information about the child. Some wording of the questions lacks sensitivity to the parent(s) or caregiver(s) of the child. |
0 (0%) – 7 (7%)
The response lists two or fewer confusing or inadequate questions, or is missing questions, for gathering more information about the child. Wording of questions provided lacks sensitivity to the parent(s) or caregiver(s) of the child. |
|
| Provide at least two strategies you could employ to encourage the parents or caregivers to be proactive about their child’s health and weight. | 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
The response clearly describes two or more detailed strategies to encourage the parent(s) or caregiver(s) to be proactive about the child’s health and weight. |
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
The response describes at least two strategies to encourage the parent(s) or caregiver(s) to be proactive about the child’s health and weight. |
3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
The response vaguely describes two strategies to encourage the parent(s) or caregiver(s) to be proactive about the child’s health and weight. |
0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
The response inadequately describes one strategy or is missing strategies to encourage the parent(s) or caregiver(s) to be proactive about the child’s health and weight. |
|
| Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction are provided that delineate all required criteria. |
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion are provided that delineate all required criteria. |
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are stated, yet are brief and not descriptive. |
3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time. Purpose, introduction, and conclusion of the assignment are vague or off topic. |
0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity < 60% of the time. No purpose statement, introduction, or conclusion were provided. |
|
| Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation |
5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. |
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. |
3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. |
0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding. |
|
| Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running heads, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. | 5 (5%) – 5 (5%)
Uses correct APA format with no errors. |
4 (4%) – 4 (4%)
Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. |
3 (3%) – 3 (3%)
Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. |
0 (0%) – 2 (2%)
Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors. |
|
| Total Points: 100 | |||||
