Analyzing A Case Study Of Bronchiolitis In A Five-Month-Old Baby

New-born babies are always very fragile and easily infected by different types of diseases. So nursing professionals must diagnose different types of issues very thoroughly and, based on that, provide the best kind of treatment to them (Niu et al., 2020). The aim of this study is to analyze a five-month-old kid Amar who is suffering from bronchiolitis and provide him with the best medication and nursing care to cure his problems.

The physician could typically figure out what’s wrong by studying Amar and checking his lungs using a stethoscope. If Amar is in danger of acute bronchiolitis, if his problems are increasing, or if an additional condition is detected, his doctor might prescribe the following testing. Amar’s doctor may order a pulmonary X-ray to check for indications of infection. Amar’s doctor may obtain a survey of mucus from Amar to screen for such infection that causes bronchiolitis. This would be accomplished by softly inserting a probe into the nostril. Blood examinations may be done to monitor Amar’s white plasma platelet level periodically. A rise in white plasma cells is typically indicative of the body’s battle against illness. A screening check could potentially detect if the quantity of oxygenation in Amar’s circulation has dropped (House, Gadomski & Ralston, 2020). Amar’s doctor might indeed inquire regarding indicators of depletion, particularly if Amar has refused to consume or eat or has vomited. Dead eyes, dry lips and face, laziness, and very little urine are all symptoms of bronchiolitis.

Bronchiolitis develops after a virus gets the bronchioles, the shortest passages inside the lungs. The bronchioles enlarge by becoming swollen as a result of the illness. Mucus accumulates in such arteries, making it harder for air to pass easily into and forth of both lungs. The respiratory syncytial virus, shortly known as RSV, causes the majority of bronchiolitis infections. RSV is a frequent viral disease for nearly almost any kid by the age of two. Every year, there are occurrences of In?ammation, and people might become sick again since past illness somehow doesn’t show up to generate long-term protection. Other infections, such as ones that bring the flu or even the cold symptoms, could also produce bronchiolitis. Bronchiolitis infections can commonly be conveyed. Toddlers may catch infections via particles in the atmosphere when a sick person sneezes, coughs or speaks (Pagaspas & Lozada, 2020). Children could also acquire infections through contacting common things like cutlery, blankets, or games and afterwards contacting their eyelids, nostrils, or lips.  Diagnosis And Treatment Of Bronchiolitis Infection In A Newborn Essay Paper

Bronchiolitis is most common in kids below the age of two. Babies under three months of age are most vulnerable to bronchiolitis since their respiratory and immunological functions have not yet completely formed. Early delivery, an antecedent cardiac or pulmonary problem, a weakened immunological response, smoking contact, interaction with several children, or even in a toddler education facility are all associated with an enhanced risk of bronchiolitis in new-borns and much more serious instances. Spending hours in busy places and carrying the virus home (O’Brien et al., 2019).

Bronchiolitis is caused by infection of such covering of both the respiratory epithelium of the narrow arteries of both nostrils, which causes mucus formation and infection, including tissue demise. The activation of such tissues may restrict the airflow as well as eventually cause coughing. Bronchiolitis is characterized clinically by respiratory distress and decreased lung elasticity. The infection causes the bronchial endothelium, causing an inflamed response that results in ciliary malfunction and demise of tissues (Lewis, De Stavola & Hardelid, 2021). The accumulation of debris, oedema of the lungs, plus constriction of the air passages as a result of cytokine production ultimately contribute to discomfort and decreased pulmonary flexibility. The sufferer subsequently attempts to compensate for the diminished cooperation by exhaling more forcefully. Air entrapment, enhanced mucus formation, atelectasis, laboured swallowing, and reduced expiration is all common symptoms.

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Causes And Symptoms Of Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis is characterized by rhinorrhoea, coughing, trouble breathing, asthma, sinus arrhythmia, and enhanced breathing shown as rumbling, breath sounds, and supraclavicular and intercostal resignations. In this case study, Mrs Sooma is with her 5-month-old baby Amar in Urgent Care. She is worried since her child has been suffering from coughing, nasal congestion, and discomfort for three days and therefore is rapidly worsening. He coughed extremely fiercely till he vomited up overnight, then his mother noted he started respiration quicker, felt like the baby had a temperature, and also was taking much less formula yesterday morning. He seems attentive and occasionally grins, although he is plainly tachypneic and seems to have a damp cough. The nurse observes considerable intercostal and abdominal disclosures, as well as modest nostril flaring. His infectious bronchiolitis illness is confirmed by all these indications (Pham et al., 2020).

According to World Health Organisation (WHO) growth charts, the general weight and height of a five-month-old baby should be around 4.5 kg and 55.9 cm (Kløvgaard et al., 2018). Amar, on the other hand, was delivered at 32 weeks of gestation, growing 38.1cm and weighing 1421 grams. His mother is afraid that he is never developing because he is significantly shorter than most toddlers his age. Whenever the caregiver weighs Amar, she notices many minor scars on his left side, upper arm, around the biceps as well as triceps area. A non-blanching petechial over his collar, lower jaw, as well as chest area is discovered after an additional examination.

The registered nurse working field belongs to the Aboriginal group territory. Therefore the child protection responsibilities of the RN are mainly focused on the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principle. The ATSICPP is a model intended to encourage legislation as well as practice that might minimize the overrepresentation of Indigenous adolescents in the juvenile welfare service. The following ATSICPP practises apply to Indigenous adolescents throughout care: Adoption with Indigenous as well as non-Indigenous family members or descendants, or alongside similar Indigenous caregivers, is recommended (Ryan & Swinburne, 2022). Assistance in maintaining or re-establishing ties to one’s relatives, society, religion, and nation is required.

In most cases, the Aboriginal peoples face financial issues in getting child care, so this ATSICPP framework of nursing care is mainly based on providing further support to the child and their family (Anderson et al., 2022). In this case study, Mrs Sooma has lost her spouse and also has four children below six years old. Furthermore her all Childs are having different kinds of issues. So here she is, facing a financial crisis. So this ATSICPP framework of nursing care is helping her to get proper care for all of her children, especially for Amar’s bronchiolitis.

Bronchiolitis usually seems to last between four and six weeks. The majority of kids with bronchiolitis may be treated in a household with basic treatment. It is critical to remain on the lookout for shifts in respiratory problems, such as straining for every inhalation, being unwilling to talk or scream due to trouble inhaling, or producing gurgling sounds with every inhalation. Since bronchiolitis is generated by a virus, drugs designed to cure bacterial illnesses are ineffective. Bacterial pathogens, such as influenza or skin infections may develop in conjunction with bronchiolitis. Therefore physicians may recommend antibiotics to treat such illnesses. Medications that release the bronchodilators have not been proven to be consistently useful as well as are not commonly used to treat bronchiolitis. In extreme circumstances, Amar’s doctor might decide to attempt nebulized albuterol to determine whether it works. Oral corticosteroid medicines plus chest-thumping to release mucus have still not proved to be effective therapies for bronchiolitis and therefore are not suggested (Ruffles et al., 2021).

Risk Factors For Bronchiolitis In Newborn Babies

In safeguarding children, risk evaluation happens throughout the reporting and inquiry stages. Its goal is to identify if a complaint of worry regarding a child requires additional inquiry and, if so, what program or degree of engagement is necessary to react. Child welfare practice in Australia and throughout the world has experienced a significant change away from primarily uncontrolled medical judgement and toward the frequent use of systematic risk evaluation tools. Actuarial assessment tools and consensus-based assessment tools have been established (Babl et al., 2020). In Actuarial evaluation tools, the elements are generated experimentally, with quantitative analyses used to determine and evaluate the elements that indicate child abuse. Assessment techniques focused on consensus. Individual items direct clinicians’ attention to danger issues. The physician’s informed judgement is used to make the ultimate judgment on the total household risk group. It is one most typical types of consensus-based tools.

In This Case Study, a Consensus Based Assessment Tool Should Be Used As  Application Of This Tool Is More Detailed And Based On The Assessment Of The Different Kinds Of Risk Factors that arise from the different types of medication for the patient. As in this case study, Amar has so many other smaller issues other than bronchiolitis. So there is a possibility of having different types of side effects from different types of high dose medicines. So here, this risk assessment tool should be used to analyze the medication process properly and based on that, and the next medication must be chosen (Morley et al., 2018).

He coughed extremely vigorously till he vomited, was breathing rapidly, had a temperature, minor nasal flaring, and had a low blood pressure of 90/50 mmHg are the Five problems identified. Temperature: 38.4°C, Heart rate: 150 beats per minute, Respiratory rate: 60 breaths per minute, and Oxygen saturation: 91 per cent on standard air are other evaluation values.

The admitting physician examines Amar and records a medical assessment of mild viral bronchiolitis. He notifies Amar’s mother that he will require hospitalization. The aforementioned are part of the treatment strategy. Intravenous fluids, suppressive therapy, an IV cannula, an oral solution of paracetamol, checking heart rhythm every 30 minutes, constant Sp02 testing, and four hourly nebulized salbutamol must be administered to him. Finally, until additional worsening is observed by nursing personnel, a doctor will be consulted at four hours intervals (Oakley, 2020).

Nursing Interventions are required of Amar, in this case, are as follows. Assessing oxygen saturation at least every 2–4 hours, or more frequently if there is a decrease in breathing rate or bouts of sleep (O’Brien et al., 2019). The Treatment Plans and their assessment are as follows. As the children’s energy supplies dwindle, changes in respirations may develop swiftly. A preliminary evaluation is an essential part disclose the pace and efficiency of air circulation (Gc et al., 2020). Frequent evaluation and surveillance give quantitative proof of variations in breathing initiative quality, allowing for rapid and successful management.

Conclusion

From the above study, it can be stated that to cure a child, there are so many important steps that must be followed properly. At first, their issues should be thoroughly analysed and based on that best possible treatment procedure must be implemented. After that, the risk factors regarding the treatment plan must be analysed and based on that, and the proper nursing intervention must be applied to cure the issues. Also, the carer must use different kinds of care procedures and risk assessment tools to increase the quality of the service.

Impact Of Bronchiolitis On The Respiratory System Of A Child

References

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