Ethical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice Essay

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The current American model (ACA) is based on private healthcare. Americans lack universal access to health, so they depend on private insurance for health care. There are three ways to get coverage in the US: through a job – companies with more than 50 full-time workers must pay for part of the policy – buying it individually or, in the case of people without resources and older age 65, through two public programs. Ethical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice Essay

In the present year, 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic has brought into sharp focus the need for health care reforms that promote universal access to affordable care.

About half of Americans receive health coverage through their employer, and with record numbers filing for unemployment insurance, millions find themselves without health insurance in the midst of the largest pandemic in a century. Even those who maintain insurance coverage may find care unaffordable. (King, 2020)

Before the pandemic, research showed that more than half of Americans with employer-sponsored health insurance had delayed or postponed recommended treatment for themselves or a family member in the previous year because of cost. The loss of jobs, income, and health insurance associated with the pandemic will greatly exacerbate existing health care cost challenges for all Americans. (King, 2020)

The pandemic has wreaked havoc on the country’s health system but at the same time has exposed the serious shortcomings of the American health system. However, it should not be hidden that before this event a health reform was necessary in which universal access to quality care for all Americans was guaranteed. Ethical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice Essay

An adequate reform could be based on the Canadian health model, much like the British health model. In both countries, the health system is financed by the government and is based on five principles: it is accessible to all regardless of income, it offers complete services, it is publicly managed, and it is universally accessible to citizens and permanent residents. However, in the Canadian model some services such as dental and vision services are not covered. (Thomson, 2012)

Clearly, no health model will be 100% perfect and mishaps may arise along the way that must be addressed and improved, but health is a right that all people must have and a country that is a world power such as the United States, with excellent management can achieve a quality health system that is truly affordable for each and every one of its habitants.

10 essential health benefits in the ACA

Ambulatorypatient services
Emergencyservices
Hospitalization
Maternityand newborn care
Mentalhealth and substance use disorder services, including behavioral healthtreatment
Prescriptiondrugs
Rehabilitativeand habilitative services and devices
Laboratoryservices
Preventiveand wellness services and chronic disease management
Pediatricservices, including oral and vision care (Bagley & Levy, 2014)
Successes of the ACA

More than 20 million previously uninsured people got coverage between 2010 and 2017. In part it was because the economy improved, but many were also able to buy their own coverage thanks to federal subsidies provided by law to pay for part of the cost of insurance. Other provisions of the ACA played an important role, including a ban on restricting access to care for people with pre-existing conditions, expanding the Medicaid program to more low-income adults, and allowing children to remain in the your parents’ health plans up to age 26. (Williams, 2020) Ethical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice Essay

Failures of the ACA

A growing number of insurers that signed up in 2014 – the reform’s first year of implementation – have been leaving the state regulated markets, year after year. (Williams, 2020)

Therefore, competition between policy providers has decreased, there were fewer and fewer options to choose from, reaching the point that in many counties (which act as municipal associations to offer services continuously) there was only one company that offered ACA-type policies.

At the end of October 2016, the Obama Administration announced that the ACA-type policies that insurers were going to offer for the year 2017 incorporated a national average increase in premiums of 25%. This increase was not territorially uniform at all; in states like Arizona, Illinois, Montana, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and Tennessee it was about 50%. (Williams, 2020)

Overall, the ACA has led to an increased number of individuals with insurance; however, in many ways, it has not improved the coverage. As a result, the quality of care has not been shown to have increased. Further, the majority of the increased insurance enrollment has been with Medicaid expansion. Consequently, ACA does not work well for the working and middle class who receive much less support, particularly those who earn more than 400% of the federal poverty level, who constitute 40% of the population and do not receive any help. Further, as so many individuals don’t do well under the ACA, only about 40% of those eligible for subsidies have signed up and, with multiple insurers declaring losses, the ACA is not financially sustainable because not enough healthy people are on the rolls to compensate for the sick. (Center, 2017) Ethical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice Essay

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REFERENCES:

Bagley, N., & Levy, H. (2014). Essential health benefits and the Affordable Care Act: Law and process. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 39(2), 441-465.

Center, H., Woods, C. A., Manchikanti, L., & Purdue Pharma, L. P. (2017). A critical analysis of Obamacare: Affordable care or insurance for many and coverage for few. Pain Physician, 20, 111-138.

King, Jaime S. “Covid-19 and the need for health care reform.” New England Journal of Medicine (2020).

Thomson, S., Osborn, R., Squires, D., & Jun, M. (2012). International profiles of health care systems 2012: Australia, Canada, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States.

Williams, R. A. (2020). Healthcare Reform Law (Obamacare): Update on “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly” and the Persistence of Polarization on Repeal and Replace. In Blacks in Medicine (pp. 91-95). Springer, Cham. Ethical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice Essay

According to the American Nurses of American Nurses (ANA) (2010), “Nurses work to protect, defend and protect patients’ health, safety, and rights” (p. 6). Long-term care responsibilities should be based on the highest standards and be based on legal and ethical obligations. The health care provider’s perception and judgment of the health condition of the patient, and consideration of the patient’s rights in each act are one of the important elements in nursing work. The International Nurses Council (ICN) (2006) stated that “nurses always maintain standards of personal behavior that reflects professionalism and raises public confidence.”

In this era of growth of medical technology, the ever-changing communication model and the role of nursing experts are expanding, ethical, legal and social problems in nursing are increasing. Nurses work in the face of ethical, legal and social challenges everyday. These problems are related to law amendment and medical technology ethics and the aim is to make it possible for nurses to provide better medical care to patients. – Inaccurate care assessments and customer data records can adversely affect the health of the patient. Nurses are responsible for evaluating patients appropriately, ethically, legally and ethically. Nurses should also record this data accurately to ensure safe and effective treatment for patients. In this case study, the nurse could not evaluate the patient’s weight, but it evaluated. Ethical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice Essay

Nurses are important for safety practices and are based on a number of specialized, legal and ethical issues to ensure that patients’ best interests are met. The three main principles described in this article are accountability, informed consent and dignity. Nurses are bound by legal and professional requirements to protect patients’ safety and health, but there are also ethical issues in providing care. As a nurse, the Nursing Midwifery Commission (2008) states that you are personally responsible for your behavior or negligence and you must be able to protect your actions. NMC reserves the right to remove registration from a nurse if it determines that the behavior is inappropriate. Nurses have personal responsibility for their own standard care, laws and professionals, they should practice within their abilities and abilities and understand the limits.

According to American Nurses Association (ANA), (2010) “the nurse promotes, advocates for and strives to protect the heath, safety and right of the patient” (p. 6). Nursing responsibilities should be acted at the highest standard and must be based on legal and ethical obligations. Ethical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice Essay

Healthcare provider’s perception and judgment in the patient’s well being as well as taking into account the right of the patient in every action is one of the key elements in nursing practice. International Council of Nurses (ICN), (2006) states “The nurse at all times maintains standards of personal conduct which reflect well on the profession and enhance public confidence” (p. 3). Furthermore, nursing action guided by theory and principles of moral and legal rights complements excellent nursing care. Nurse’s awareness in moral and legal codes helps them control the complicated scenario encountered and direct the nurses in the best possible action answerable by law (Lachman, 2006). Ethical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice Essay

In this essay the author will rationalize the relevance of professional, ethical and legal regulations in the practice of nursing. The author will discuss and analyze the chosen scenario and critically review the action taken in the expense of the patient and the care workers. In addition, the author will also evaluates the strength and limitations of the scenario in a broader issue with reasonable judgement supported by theories and principles of ethical and legal standards.

In accordance with Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), (2008) all identifiable details have been changed in accordance with (NMC, 2010). Ethical And Legal Aspects Of Nursing Practice Essay