General Description of the Ear Essay
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Ears are delicate and sensitive organs. They detect minute changes in air pressure produced by sounds in the environment and send the information to the brain for processing. The ear is also important for maintaining balance.
Our sense of hearing is incredibly versatile — it can detect the quietest of sounds, it can determine whether a noise came from far or near, and it can pick out a specific sound from the background noise of life.
In this article, we will explain the anatomy of the ear, how hearing works, and talk about hearing loss.
The ear can be split into three sections: the outer, middle, and inner ear. Each section plays a distinct role in hearing.
Outer ear
Also called the pinna or auricle, the outer ear is the part that is visible. Its primary job is to collect as much sound from the surrounding area as it can.
An external sound starts its journey here as it enters a thin passage called the ear canal. General Description of the Ear Essay.
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Middle ear
The middle ear amplifies incoming sound. It does this with the help of the eardrum, which is a thin membrane also known as the tympanic membrane.
The eardrum separates the outer ear from the middle ear and helps to transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear.
The sound is amplified by three tiny bones called ossicles. The names of the ossicles are:
When sound waves reach the eardrum, it vibrates. This vibration moves the ossicles, transmitting sound further into the ear.
The Eustachian tubes are thin, mucous-lined passages that help to maintain a stable pressure in the middle ear, so that sound waves are correctly transmitted. These tubes connect the middle ear to the back of the throat. When you “pop” your ears, the sound you hear is created by air being forced into the Eustachian tubes. General Description of the Ear Essay.
Inner ear
Once a sound has been amplified by the ossicles, the vibration enters the cochlea. This is a small, curled tube that looks like a snail’s shell and is located in the inner ear. The cochlea is filled with liquid. It has an internal membrane, called the basilar membrane, which is covered in hair cells. Sound causes the fluid to rise and fall, moving the hair cells up and down as they “ride the wave.”
Each hair cell has stereocilia — tiny, hair-like projections — along its top. As the hair cells move up and down, the stereocilia bump into structures above and are bent over. This opens up ion channels, creating a signal that is sent to the brain.
Different pitches — higher or lower — activate hairs in different parts of the cochlea. From their position, the brain can gather information about the pitch of the sound.
The information about the sound is sent from the cochlea along the auditory, or cochlear, nerve. It reaches the medulla, which is part of the brain stem. The brain stem is the part of the brain located closest to the back of the neck.
The auditory nerve also carries information from the brain back to the cochlea. The fibers of this nerve help us to suppress sounds that we are not interested in, allowing us to concentrate on just one sound among many. For instance, when having a conversation in a busy room, it helps us to focus on the voice of one person and ignore the others. General Description of the Ear Essay.