Hypovolemic Shock Essay Paper

 A Case Study On Maureen Hardy

Overview Of The Case Study

Review given case scenario and write a report on it.

You are required to consider the associated signs and symptoms of your chosen condition and discuss the findings as they relate to each part of the ABCDE pneumonic. You need to be able to critically explain the link with the associated signs and symptoms, the pathophysiology/physiology and what the physical assessment identifies.

Having completed your physical examination of your chosen condition you are required to construct a structured written handover to the doctor using ISBAR.

Maureen Hardy is a 77 year old women who has been sent in by her GP for review who has had two episodes of haematemesis at home. Four hours after arriving on your ward she vomits blood and has blood around her mouth, you also note that she appears pale, sweaty and drowsy. Hypovolemic Shock Essay Paper  Maureen is responding only to verbal stimuli on the AVPU scale. She has been taking the following medication:

  • Diclofenac Acid 50mgs PO (with food) BD for arthritic knees
  • Warfarin 2mgs PO mane for atrial fibrillation (INR 2.7)

Her observations are:

  • BP 80mmHg systolic
  • HR120bpm and irregular
  • Resps 28bpm
  • SaO2unreadable
  • Capillary refill time >4secs
  • Temp 36.5°C (core)

You also note that her pupils are dilated 3-4mms but are equal and reactive to light. She has equal bilateral chest movement and the depth of breathing is normal. She has a slightly distended abdomen.

The lab results have also arrived which show:

  • Haemoglobin 9g/dL (12-15g/dL)
  • Platelets 150000 (100,000-450,000K/uL)
  • Haematocrit 27% (36-44%)

Frank James a 72 year old man has been admitted to your ward with an acute exacerbation of his chronic heart failure. He is positioned in a semi-high fowler’s position, is mildly diaphoretic, slightly short of breath and complaining of nausea. Mr. James has a history of stable angina for an undetermined period. However, he has revealed that for the past 3 weeks, he has been experiencing pain radiating to his back every hour, which is relieved with sublingual nitroglycerin (GTN). There is a family history of cardiovascular disease with an older brother dying from a myocardial infarction (MI) and a sister who has had 3 MI’s. Mr. James has a 30 year history of cigarette smoking and continues to smoke 1 pack/day. He has been taking the following medication:

  • Aspirin 7mgs PO mane
  • Atenolol 50mgs PO mane
  • Isosorbide mononitrate 30mgs PO nocte
  • Lisinopril 10mgs PO mane

The next morning Frank continues to complain of shortness of breath and restlessness with a chest pain score of 8/10 that is radiating to his left arm. The MO orders an urgent chest x-ray and it is noted in his medical notes that his heart failure is worsening and he has developed pulmonary oedema. On examination he is confused, sweating, pale and centrally cyanosed.

His observations on admission and currently are as follows:

His 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals Q waves, ST depression and T wave inversion which may signify ischemia.

His chest x-ray reveals diffuse infiltrates that resemble “bat wings” consistent with pulmonary oedema.

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