The Efficacy Of Physical Exercise In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes On Their Quality Of Life

Guidelines have emphasized the relevance of exercise and physical activity training in treating type 2 diabetes, chronic illnesses such as coronary heart disease and musculoskeletal problems (Cai et al., 2016), and other chronic conditions. It is important to note that the COVID-19 pandemic has happened in combination with a deteriorating type 2 diabetes epidemic, which the world has been battling to manage for many decades (Eberle & Stichling, 2021). A clinical disorder characterized by impaired gluconeogenesis and hyperglycaemia due to absolute or relative or relative insulin shortage, insulin resistance, or both (Seidu et al., 2021). Specifically, the purpose of this review is to assess the efficacy of physical exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes on their quality of life. In order to control the glucose level, the diabetic patient may have to change their eating habit, along with that; foot ulcer is one of the major threat to diabetes. Further, insulin management is one of the task, that restricts diabetic patient in activities that involve intensive physical tolerance(Schoenaker et al., 2020). It is impossible to exaggerate the importance of exercise for persons with diabetes, or for those with practically any other condition for that matter. Exercise helps you maintain a healthy weight, lower your blood pressure, lower bad LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, boost beneficial HDL cholesterol, strengthen your muscles and bones, reduce anxiety, and enhance your overall well-being, among other benefits. Additionally, exercise has additional benefits for persons with diabetes: it reduces blood glucose levels and increases your body’s sensitivity to insulin, which helps to prevent insulin resistance(Díaz et al., 2018).

When it comes to patients with diabetes, what is the influence that physical exercise has on their overall quality of life?

A study found that exercise reduced HbA1c readings by 0.7 percentage point among patients with diabetes from diverse ethnic backgrounds who were taking different medicines and following a range of diets, and that these improvements happened even though none of the participants had lost any weight (Rashed et al., 2016). All types of exercise, whether aerobic, resistance, or a combination of the two (combined training), were shown to be equally effective for lowering HbA1c levels in patients with diabetes (KIRWAN et al., 2017).  Importance Of Exercise For Persons With Diabetes Essay Paper

The present study was focused on individuals  suffering from type 2 diabetes, and the impact of exercise on their quality of life.   For the present study, data from literature were collected to answer the research question. For  the present  work a rapid review was conducted with the help literature that was collected from scientific journals published in last 10 years in Google scholar and PubMed. The preliminary search strategy included phrases relating to “exercise”, “physical activity”, “type 2 diabetes”, and “quality of life”  published as randomized controlled trials or clinical trials. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they met all of the following criteria: (a) people with type 2 diabetes; (b) participation in a physical exercise programme; and (c) use of randomized, controlled design. The following studies were excluded: It was decided to remove studies if the following criteria were met: (a) data contained with pre-diabetes or other kinds of diabetes ; and (b) only posters or abstracts were made accessible.

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE

Study Findings On Reduced HbA1c Levels

For the present work, data bases such as Google scholar, PubMed and CINHAL. In order to select the relevant order for the present study PRISMA methodology will be adopted. To evaluate the quality of article CASP methodology was  used.

PRISMA is primarily concerned with the reporting of systematic reviews assessing the effects of treatments, but it may also be used as a framework for publishing systematic reviews with aims other than evaluating the effectiveness of interventions (Page et al., 2021). The importance of qualitative evidence synthesis in guiding healthcare policy and practise in the context of evidence-based medicine is being increasingly recognised. However, there is a lack of agreement on how to evaluate the methodological quality of qualitative studies that are being synthesised, and there are disagreements on the extent to which such evaluation is possible and suitable in this context. Because of its support by the Cochrane Qualitative and Implementation Methods Group, the Critical Evaluation Skills Programme (CASP) instrument is the most often used tool for quality appraisal in health-related qualitative evidence syntheses. Although the instrument is suggested for beginning qualitative researchers, there is no current information on how to use it effectively (Long et al., 2020).

Diabetic type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycaemia, which leads to micro-and macro vascular complications, notably in the body’s major organs such as the kidneys and eyes, as well as the heart. According to (Zhang et al., 2020), the researchers studied the extent to which daily physical activity (PA) improved the quality of life (QoL) of individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (Nojomi et al., 2020) conducted a controlled experiment in which they included 100 individuals with type 2 diabetes who were studied in the research. Individuals with type 2 diabetes who participated in a physical fitness programme observed a significant increase in all aspects of their quality of life, not only their social interactions, after completing the programme. As reported by Panosian et al. (2017), physical behaviour and fitness were examined in the research Surgery of Lifestyle With Intensive Medical Management in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes, which included individuals from both surgical and non-surgical backgrounds. Cardiovascular disease is a manor cause of death in those with type 2 diabetes, compared to those who do not have the illness. Their genetic makeup predisposes them to a wide range of cardiovascular disease risk factors, including hypertension and Dyslipidaemia, to name a few (- increased serum triglycerides and low contents of high-density lipoprotein) (IJzerman  et al., 2012). However, it has been demonstrated that engaging in a range of regular workouts can significantly reduce the risk of developing the cardiovascular disease through physiological and metabolic processes, respectively. Individuals with diabetes who engage in regular physical activity have been proven to improve insulin sensitivity over the long run. They aid in the enhancement and restoration of normal levels of insulin responsiveness and sensitivity in the body, allowing for the most efficient use of glucose by the organism. Actively engaging in physical exercise causes the body to utilize excess glucose for muscular function, which is advantageous (Lee et al., 2016). A drop in plasma glucose levels may be achieved by engaging in regular physical activity, and the effects of this can endure for a long period of time if the activity is sustained. Taking part in physical activities for sufficient period of time and at a reasonable intensity can help to prevent and/or repair the physiological and biochemical changes in the body that are most common in people who lead a sedentary lifestyle, according to recent research. Physical activities help to deplete the body’s additional glycogen reserves, which in turn helps to increase insulin sensitivity as a result of the depletion of glycogen reserves (Zhang et al., 2016). It does this by compensating for the amount of glycogen that has been depleted as a result of the muscular contractions and movements.

Data Collection Methodology

 Conclusion

 The present work was focused on creating review protocol on the topic of type 2 diabetes management. Given the present prevalence of type 2 diabetes, it is critical to emphasize the importance of leading a physically active lifestyle, despite the fact that this is a difficult and massive task given the advent of technology. Exercise and programmes for children and adolescents especially in school programmes and at home, can be conducted successfully with great results.

 References

Cai, H., Li, G., Zhang, P., Xu, D., & Chen, L. (2016). Effect of exercise on the quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Quality of Life Research, 26(3), 515–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1481-5

Díaz, B. B., González, D. A., Gannar, F., Pérez, M. C. R., & de León, A. C. (2018). Myokines, physical activity, insulin resistance and autoimmune diseases. Immunology Letters, 203, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2018.09.002

IJzerman, T. H., Schaper, N. C., Melai, Tom., Meijer, K., Willems, P. J. B., & Savelberg, H. H. C. M. (2012). Lower extremity muscle strength is reduced in people with type 2 diabetes, with and without polyneuropathy, and is associated with impaired mobility and reduced quality of life. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 95(3), 345–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.026

KIRWAN, J. P., SACKS, J., & NIEUWOUDT, S. (2017). The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 84(7 suppl 1), S15–S21. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.84.s1.03

Lee, E.-H., Lee, Y. W., & Moon, S. H. (2016). A Structural Equation Model Linking Health Literacy to Self-efficacy, Self-care Activities, and Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Asian Nursing Research, 10(1), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2016.01.005

Long, H. A., French, D. P., & Brooks, J. M. (2020). Optimising the Value of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Tool for Quality Appraisal in Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences, 1(1), 31–42. Sage Journals. https://doi.org/10.1177/2632084320947559

Nojomi, M., Tapehsari, B., Alizadeh, M., Khamseh, M., & Seifouri, S. (2020). Physical activity and quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 11(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_202_18

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., & McGuinness, L. A. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4

Panosian, J., Ding, S.-A., Wewalka, M., Simonson, D. C., Goebel-Fabbri, A., Foster, K., Halperin, F., Vernon, A., & Goldfine, A. B. (2017). Physical Activity in Obese Type 2 Diabetes After Gastric Bypass or Medical Management. The American Journal of Medicine, 130(1), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.07.019

Rashed, O. A., Sabbah, H. A., Younis, M. Z., Kisa, A., & Parkash, J. (2016). Diabetes education program for people with type 2 diabetes: An international perspective. Evaluation and Program Planning, 56, 64–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2016.02.002

Rossen, J., Yngve, A., Hagströmer, M., Brismar, K., Ainsworth, B. E., Iskull, C., Möller, P., & Johansson, U.-B. (2015). Physical activity promotion in the primary care setting in pre- and type 2 diabetes – the Sophia step study, an RCT. BMC Public Health, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1941-9

Schoenaker, D. A. J. M., de Jersey, S., Willcox, J., Francois, M. E., & Wilkinson, S. (2020). Prevention of Gestational Diabetes: The Role of Dietary Intake, Physical Activity, and Weight before, during, and between Pregnancies.  Importance Of Exercise For Persons With Diabetes Essay Paper