Intergenerationa Conflict Among Older Population Essay

Week 1 discussion Question 1 Watch at least 60 minutes of TV, focusing on the depiction of older adults. Analyze and discuss TV programming in the context of at least two of the following: Portrayal of elderly characters Intergenerational themes Conflict in relation to the older population Aging stereotypes or myths Cultural diversity in relation to quality of care Question 2 Discuss your own philosophy of aging. When do you think a person becomes elderly? What do you think of older people? Are they active, senile, debilitated, etc.? Give a description of an elderly person  Intergenerationa Conflict Among Older Population Essay

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The papers in this special issue address the increasingly important contemporary issue of the care of elderly people in an ever changing society. In particular, the diverse contributions speak to the tenuous balance that exists between formal and informal care mechanisms and the implication of such for the design of social policy, as well as for the very understanding of the aging experience in the modern era. This short essay reviews the respective papers giving special attention to the impact of the evolving formal–informal interface, as reflected in the analysis of intergenerational relations. Intergenerationa Conflict Among Older Population Essay

The opening paper by Attias-Donfut and colleagues represents a significant expansion of the previous groundbreaking analyses by that investigator into the realm of intergenerational exchange (Attias-Donfut 1995; Attias-Donfut and Wolff 2000). This construct refers, most frequently, to the exchange of financial resources, the provision of support (time transfers), and cohabitation (housing transfers) (McGarry and Schoeni 1995; Kohli 2004). The current paper examines the nature and determinants of financial and time transfers among persons age 50 and over in ten European countries. The analysis is one of the first published works to make use of the newly available cross-national and interdisciplinary data set from SHARE, the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe. Intergenerationa Conflict Among Older Population Essay

Examination of the profiles of intergenerational transfers among the respondents from the ten different countries confirmed some major trends that have been observed in previous single country studies. Chief among them is that the majority of persons are indeed involved in the exchange of resources, whether as givers or receivers, and that the dominant direction of financial transfers is downward, that is, from older people to their adult children. Consideration of the determinants of different kinds of exchange, through multivariate analysis, also confirmed additional basic insights. Among them are the role of very old age and poor health in predicting the receipt of support (time transfers), and the function of high income and position in the life course as predictors of the giving of monetary resources. Intergenerationa Conflict Among Older Population Essay

Perhaps, the most interesting finding to emerge from this analysis is not what was found, but rather what was not found, and that is consistent country differences in patterns and predictors of intergenerational exchange. Country comparisons should provide insights into the interface between formal and informal support mechanisms, insofar as countries ostensibly represent differing sociocultural institutional frameworks and varying welfare regimes. The findings in the current paper seem to suggest, however, that the trends observed here do not fit into neatly classifiable divisions and do not reflect the explanations proffered in the literature thus far. This state of events raises two considerations that should be taken into account in future research on intergenerational relations in Europe. Intergenerationa Conflict Among Older Population Essay

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First, the significance of country level comparisons may be decreasing in light of globalization, in general, and the unification processes sweeping Europe, in particular. Efforts will need to be made to identify other key factors that shape the nature of intergenerational exchange and thus govern the balance between formal and informal care. Second, the study of intergenerational transfers involves a complex collection of components and an even more complicated pattern of dynamics. Future research will need to find more efficient ways to disentangle the concomitants and the effects of the transfer of resources of varying kinds across generations. Intergenerationa Conflict Among Older Population Essay

Daatland and Lowenstein address the same area of interest considered in the first paper, but frame their analysis in terms of intergenerational solidarity. Based upon data from the OASIS study that was carried out in five countries, they examine the interrelationship of family regimes and welfare state provisions (Lowenstein and Ogg 2003). They ask, in particular, whether family solidarity is discernibly different in differing national settings and whether formal care services enhance or restrain the provision of informal help to older people. The strength of this paper is in its careful classification of each participating country on parameters of both family solidarity and welfare state type, allowing empirical examination of contrasting models. Intergenerationa Conflict Among Older Population Essay

As in the previous article, the findings in this study seem to indicate fewer differences across countries than was, perhaps, anticipated. Assumed North–South differences in the distribution of familial solidarity did not emerge from the data, leading the authors to conclude that there may be some differences in the character of filial obligations toward older parents, but not in their overall strength. The crux of the analysis thus turned to consideration of the resiliency of such informal support in light of formal care alternatives. That is, do public services crowd out the private transfer of support? Intergenerationa Conflict Among Older Population Essay

Focusing upon persons age 75 and over in the sample who reported low functional ability, the analysis compared sources of help among the respondents in each country, controlling for selected relevant variables. The findings indicate that formal services neither enhance nor restrain the provision of informal assistance. The authors tentatively suggest, however, that generous public benefits may allow the family to refocus its efforts on the kinds of tasks it is more prepared or inclined to provide.

Interestingly, another team of investigators has reached somewhat different conclusions in analysis of this same data set (Motel-Klingebiel et al. 2005). They found that formal services seem to encourage family support as well. This finding provides empirical backing for the alternative notion of crowding-in. The presence of such varying interpretations seem to suggest that “the jury is still out” regarding the interface of formal and informal care of dependent elderly adults. Thus, the important question of the effect of formal services and transfers on the provision of familial help will necessarily require continued consideration. Intergenerationa Conflict Among Older Population Essay

Using Swiss data, Perrig-Chiello and Höpflinger turn our attention to the precarious state of current informal support provision in the face of growing elder care needs. Focusing upon intergenerational burden as the critical feature of intergenerational relations in this equation, they document an expected increase in dependency ratios and discuss the implications of this increase for informal care. They concentrate specifically upon women in the middle, those having responsibility for under-age children at home and for dependent parents as well (the group Attias-Donfut has termed the pivot generation). Due to the combination of rising support ratios, “sandwiched” care responsibilities and the increased participation of women in the work force, a growing sense of intergenerational burden may well jeopardize existing norms of helping older parents. Intergenerationa Conflict Among Older Population Essay