Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.

Nurses use theory in the form of concepts, principles, processes, and the like, to sharpen their observations and to
understand the phenomena within the domain of nursing practice. Such understanding precedes and serves as a basis
for determining nursing actions to be taken. Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.

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 theoretical base for nursing is partially self-generated and partially drawn
from other fields; the resulting insights are integrated into a foundation for nursing practice. Nursing is primarily an
applied science: it uses the results of nursing research (which tend to be specifically related to the human responses of
concern to nurses) and it selects theories from many other sciences on the basis of their explanatory value in relation
to the phenomena nurses diagnose and treat. Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.The range of theories nurses use includes intrapersonal, interpersonal, and
systems theories. Intrapersonal theories explain within-person phenomena. Interpersonal theories aid understanding of
interactions between two or more people. Systems theories provide explanations of complex networks or organizations,
the dynamics of their parts and processes in interaction. Use of this range of theories is necessary because the various
conditions within the purview of nursing cannot be understood in terms of cause-effect relations only, but also requires
knowledge of system dynamics, pattern and process interactions. When responses to actual health problems are being
treated, the nature of the difficulty and its causes (when known) require theory application for full understanding of
extant problems. Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.When response to potential health problems or maintenance of health are the focus for the nursing
action, theories that aid conceptualization of optimal functioning of individual capacities and processes and of
the dynamics of human systems are applied to determine reordering of behavior or life styles congruent with healthy
living. Thus, theory selected for application in nursing practice is chosen for its relevance to the task at hand. The ideas
and theories of the individual practitioner influence nursing practice in focus and action. Ideally, the actions of the nurse
Journal of Education and Training Studies Vol. 4, No. 11; November 2016Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.
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are taken from a theoretical base that includes an accurate understanding of the phenomena in question and a means for
evaluation or readjustment.
Actions: The aims of nursing actions are to ameliorate, improve, or correct conditions to which those practices are
directed, to prevent illness, and to promote health. Ideally, actions are taken on the basis of understood fact
(phenomena). In carrying out nursing care, highly developed technical and interpersonal skills are equally as important
as the sensitive observation and intellectual competencies required for the nurse in the nursing situation to arrive at a
diagnosis (explanation of a problem at hand) and determination of beneficial nursing actions to be taken.Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery. Treatment of a
diagnosed condition involves nursing actions that can be described and explained theoretically as to then-relation to
phenomena and expected outcome (Davis, 2003).

Various nursing theories guide clinical practices. This discussion will focus on the application of Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process to my current emergency care nursing clinical practice. It will address how the happenings of the nursing profession that influenced the origin of this theory. It will also discuss evidence, values or existing knowledge cited by the theorist to support this theory. Finally, it will capture the motivation of the theorist to write this theory.Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.

The happenings of the nursing profession influenced the origin of Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process. This theory states that an interpersonal and therapeutic process occurs when healthcare professionals, especially those trained to become nurses, engage in therapeutic relationships with individuals in need of care services (Arabacı & Taş, 2019). Therefore, this theory’s origin was influenced by the need for a therapeutic and interpersonal relationship between practitioners, particularly psychiatric nurses and their clients.Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.

Peplau cited some evidence to support this theory. He claims that nursing is a therapeutic process since it’s a healing art for helping an individual who needs health care. According to Mirhaghi et al. (2017), the therapeutic relationship between nurses and their clients enhances nurses’ caring behaviour. Nurses provide direct care depending on their understanding of their care needs (Smolowitz et al., 2015). Additionally, Peplau considers nursing as an interpersonal process since it involves the interaction between a nurse and a patient who work together to facilitate the care process. Effective nurse-patient relationship is an integral part of providing quality patient care (Bello, 2017).Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.

Peplau was primarily motivated by the urge to promote the quality of care provided to people with various care needs. Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process would promote care quality by fostering interpersonal and therapeutic processes during care delivery.

Overall, the origin of Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process was influenced by the happenings of the nursing profession. The theory is supported by some evidence about the influence of therapeutic relationship and nurse-patient interaction while providing care services. Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.

Outcome of Quality Nursing Care
Effects: Nursing actions are intended to produce beneficial effects in relation to identified responses. It is the results of
the evaluation of outcomes of nursing actions that suggest whether or not those actions have been effective in improving
or resolving the conditions to which they were directed. The results of research study of the relation of particular actions
to specific phenomena, determined under controlled conditions, provide more rigorous scientific evidence of beneficial
effects to nursing actions than does periodic evaluation or testimonials as to effectiveness.
Nursing values an approach to practice in which investigation and action are interrelated. This approach is apparent in
the four characteristics of nursing, which have been described, and is reflected in the use of the nursing process, which
serves as an organizing framework for practice.Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.
The nursing process encompasses all significant steps taken in the care of the patients, with attention to their rationale,
their sequence, and relative importance in helping the patient reach specified and attainable health goals. The nursing
process requires a systematic approach to the assessment of the patient’s situation, which includes reconciliation of
patient/family and nurse perceptions of the situation; a plan for nursing actions, which includes patient/family
participation in goal setting; joint implementation of the plan; and evaluation which includes patient/family
participation. The steps in the process are not necessarily taken in strict sequence beginning with assessment and ending
with evaluation. The steps may be taken concurrently and should be taken recurrently, as in the evaluation of the
assessment or the plan of action.Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.
Recognition of the nursing process is reflected in the ANA Standards of Nursing Practice, which apply to all nursing
practice. These standards, published by the professional society in 1973, provide one broad basis for evaluation of
practice and reflect recognition of the rights of the person receiving nursing care. The standards describe a “therapeutic
alliance” of the nurse and the person for whom she or he provides care through use of the nursing process.Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.
The characteristics of phenomena and theory application are implicit in the standards involving data collection,
diagnosis, and planning; that of action is referenced in the standards involving planning and treatment; and the
characteristic of effects is related to the standards involving evaluation and revision (Davis,2003).Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.
There is anecdotal evidence that nurse’s moral distress affects quality of patient care and subsequent health outcomes.
Nurses who frequently experience moral distress are at risk of decreased productivity, leading to decreased self-esteem,
wholeness and ultimately loss of the ability to give good patient care (Sherwood,& Barnsteiner,(2012). Nurses
described situation in which they avoid patients who were over solicitous on them because they felt guilty about what
happening to them (Reina,& Barden 2007). Other effects on patients were increased pain, longer hospital stay and
inadequate and inappropriate care (Sherwood,& Barnsteiner,2012). Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.Some nurses used negative coping tactics to manage
ethical distress, including distancing and escape avoidance strategies towards patient (Reina, & Barden, 2007).
Moral distress has also been associated with loss of moral integrity in nurses (Williams, 2004) and is a powerful, overall
impediment to ethical practice (Hamric, 2000). The term moral integrity means soundness, reliability, wholeness, and
integration of moral character over time. This signifies being faithful to coherent, integrated moral values and actively
depending on them when they are threatened.Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery. A person of moral integrity is not disordered or disoriented by moral
conflict and is faithful to the standards of the common morally as well as to personal moral ideas (Beauchamp,&
Childless, 2001). Deficiencies in moral integrity represent a break in the connection between moral convictions and
actions. Moral distress may be a direct result of what nurses perceive as their participation in moral wrong doing. Interpersonal Theory of Nursing Process fostering Quality Care Delivery.