Assignment: Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies
New technology—and the application of existing technology—only appears in healthcare settings after careful and significant research. The stakes are high, and new clinical systems need to offer evidence of positive impact on outcomes or efficiencies.

Nurse informaticists and healthcare leaders formulate clinical system strategies. As these strategies are often based on technology trends, informaticists and others have then benefited from consulting existing research to inform their thinking.

In this Assignment, you will review existing research focused on the application of clinical systems. After reviewing, you will summarize your findings.  Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies Essay Paper

To Prepare:

Review the Resources and reflect on the impact of clinical systems on outcomes and efficiencies within the context of nursing practice and healthcare delivery.
Conduct a search for recent (within the last 5 years) research focused on the application of clinical systems. The research should provide evidence to support the use of one type of clinical system to improve outcomes and/or efficiencies, such as “the use of personal health records or portals to support patients newly diagnosed with diabetes.”
Identify and select 4 peer-reviewed research articles from your research.
For information about annotated bibliographies, visit https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/assignments/annotatedbibliographies
The Assignment: (4-5 pages not including the title and reference page)

In a 4- to 5-page paper, synthesize the peer-reviewed research you reviewed. Format your Assignment as an Annotated Bibliography. Be sure to address the following:

Identify the 4 peer-reviewed research articles you reviewed, citing each in APA format.
Include an introduction explaining the purpose of the paper.
Summarize each study, explaining the improvement to outcomes, efficiencies, and lessons learned from the application of the clinical system each peer-reviewed article described. Be specific and provide examples.
In your conclusion, synthesize the findings from the 4 peer-reviewed research articles.
Use APA format and include a title page.
Use the Safe Assign Drafts to check your match percentage before submitting your work.

Literature Review: The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Technology advancement has played and continues to play an important role in the entire field of healthcare. A Clinical system has been termed as a designated system that is used in management of patient’s information at a clinical setting. Most of these systems are usually designed to ease the workload, cost and time for both the healthcare provider and the patient. Clinical systems are also used to boost the quality of outcomes as well as increasing patient satisfaction. There are different clinical systems that have continued to play an excellent role, courtesy of technology advancement. These systems can be used in management, treatment and control of ailments such as chronic diseases. The aim of this paper is to conduct peer review of how clinical systems are utilized towards improvement of efficiencies and patient outcomes.

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Han, H. R., Gleason, K. T., Sun, C. A., Miller, H. N., Kang, S. J., Chow, S., … & Bauer, T. (2019). Using Patient Portals to Improve Patient Outcomes: Systematic Review. JMIR Human Factors, 6(4), e15038.

The authors of this article aimed at assessing the patient outcomes, depending on the application of clinical systems. From the article, many healthcare institutions and facilities have incorporated the use of clinical systems applications which have played significant roles in terms of communication with patients among other clinical practices. High patient flow as well as quality of care have therefore been impacted. The use of patient portal interventions is however a questionable technological clinical system application and how it eases treatment of chronic ailments. The authors of this article were thus concerned with the level of effectiveness of patient portal use and how it impacts patient health.

A systematic review approach was conducted where the researcher selected 24 peer reviewed journals/articles concerning patient portal application in healthcare. The articles were randomly selected from three different online databases that include EMBASE, CINAHL and PubMed. Majority of the selected articles supported the use of patient portal claiming to be playing an essential role towards healthcare delivery. Most of the articles suggested a common role of improved psychological outcomes such as improved skills of decision making. The use of patient portal was also found to be effective in improving outcomes related to behaviors such as proper following of instructions on medication intake. Through the patient portals patients with chronic diseases receive personal and private information which makes them develop a positive attitude towards lifestyle changes of their health (Han et al., 2019). In a recap from this article, it is evident that modern day healthcare technological interventions such as patient portal are vital and should be embraced.

Yeates, K., Campbell, N., Maar, M. A., Perkins, N., Liu, P., Sleeth, J., … & Tobe, S. W. (2017). The effectiveness of text messaging for detection and management of hypertension in indigenous people in Canada: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. JMIR research protocols, 6(12), e244.

According to Yeates et al., (2017), hypertension cases have drastically increased in Canada and most of the other countries over the past few years. The authors of this article therefore claim that increasing awareness rate will highly help in control and treatment of hypertension. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the impact of clinical systems, specifically the apps of the mobile phones and messaging services towards improving the health literacy of the patients. A positive patient outcome was realized by the researcher after conducting a study that involved hypertensive adults and the adults at risk of getting hypertension. The area of the study was in remote and rural areas of Canada and Tanzania. A significant percentage of all hypertensive patients who engaged in whole study gained positive outcomes of the disease which is a good indicator that app messages are really effective in management and detection of chronic diseases such as hypertension. From this article, it is evident that the use of app messages by healthcare institutions towards conveying information that would rather help in management and control of hypertension among other chronic ailments plays a crucial role in healthcare delivery and thus should be embraced.  Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies Essay Paper

Day, R. O., Frensham, L. J., Nguyen, A. D., Baysari, M. T., Aung, E., Lau, A. Y., … & McLachlan, A. (2017). Effectiveness of an electronic patient-centred self-management tool for gout sufferers: a cluster randomised controlled trial protocol. BMJ open, 7(10), e017281.

It is an article that involves a study that sought to assess the use of mobile applications towards gout control, treatment and prevention in a healthcare setting. The aim of the study was therefore to assess whether phone applications are reliable towards facilitating lifestyle practices and medication adherence among people living with arthritis. As technology advances, access to different types of mobile phones such as smartphones has increased (Day et al., 2017). The researcher of the study therefore incorporated the health.me mobile app. The authors of the article suggested that through the app, many victims living with chronic illnesses such as diabetes receive helpful information concerning self-care management. The method is however questionable on its effectiveness towards gout patients. A clustered control randomized trial was incorporated in the entire study where it involved gout patients and practitioners who had access of the app. From the article, it was found that among all interventions, app intervention is among the best towards treatment adherence practices of gout patients. The study therefore greatly support mobile applications use towards management of gout. Other benefits that can be captured from this study is that increasing accessibility of mobile phones can greatly influence the field of healthcare positively. For instance, increased mobile increases application usability such as health.me app which is time and cost saving. The method is also beneficial since it encourages confidentiality and privacy of patients’ health information.

Bonoto, B. C., de Araújo, V. E., Godói, I. P., de Lemos, L. L. P., Godman, B., Bennie, M., … & Junior, A. A. G. (2017). Efficacy of mobile apps to support the care of patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 5(3), e4.

Bonoto et al., (2017) aimed at mobile technology effectiveness towards diabetes control and management. Diabetes has been termed by WHO as one of the most fatal disease that continue claiming the lives of many all over the world. According to the authors of the article, offering patient education and training them on self-care services is one of the best ways of intervening in the numerous cases of diabetes. Mobile technology can greatly play an important role when incorporated. While assessing the efficiency of mobile utilization, a systematic review accompanied by meta-analysis was conducted by the researcher. The articles utilized by the researcher were obtained from three nursing databases namely; LILACS, Cochrane and MEDLINE. Majority of the selected articles emphasized so much on the utilization of mobile application towards enhancing self-care among diabetic patients. One major lesson of gain from this study is that mobile application use can positively influence health access for diabetes patients. Considering that it only requires a mobile phone, diabetes patients can easily link with healthcare professionals thus being time and cost saving.

In a recap, clinical systems through the use of technology have continued impacting healthcare delivery in a great way. Most of the chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension have been proved to be well managed through the use of systems such as patient portal and mobile applications. From the articles selected, the researched interventions have been played excellently towards improving patient outcomes. The use of interventions such as mobile application also proved to have extra benefits such as ensuring confidentiality of patient’s information and saving the cost of travelling to the healthcare. Clinical systems should therefore be embraced in every healthcare institution/facility not only in the US but also all over the world to help prevent the numerous fatalities of chronic diseases such as diabetes among other diseases.

 The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies

Technology is widely used in modern healthcare facilities to record patient data. Nurse or health informatics combines information technology with clinical services to assure effectiveness, security, and greater productivity. Technology is widely used since it is more effective and laxer in healthcare delivery. Efficiency guarantees that healthcare goals are met, and that patient and stakeholder information is protected. Nurses spend 50% of their time documenting, according to the Nursing Informatics Awareness Task Force of the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) (EHGHANI et al., 2019). However, the clinical systems should present proof of a beneficial impact on outcomes before implementing new or existing technology. Before these technologies are implemented, nurse informaticists and healthcare executives spend time determining their efficacy. This research will focus on reviewing four peer-reviewed studies to examine how clinical systems affect outcomes and efficiency in nursing practice and healthcare delivery.

Doshi, Ankur M., et al. “Informatics solutions for driving an effective and efficient radiology practice.” RadioGraphics 38.6 (2018): 1810-1822.

In this article, Ankur et al. (2018) describe a study on the solutions of informatics for steering the practices of radiology effectively and efficiently. The study was motivated by increased complexity and volumes of dissatisfied radiology and imaging outcomes cases. During the study, the authors assessed how modern technology has been integrated towards improvements of imaging procedures, reporting, communication, and interpretation of image. The outcomes were identified by the quality of images produced and the ease of the imaging process.

The articles report that informatics, such as radiology IT tools, has helped build a practical radiology experience. According to the authors, the splendid outcome of the radiology images also makes physicians and nurses provide care to patients with ease. The authors report that the imaging process reduces the time to process images. Using a clinical system such as active matrix flat panels or linear detector arrays improves the imaging process hence easy diagnosis and patient care.

Dykes, Patricia C., et al. “Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: the promoting respect and ongoing safety through patient engagement communication and technology study.” Critical care medicine 45.8 (2017): e806-e813.

From the article, Patricia et al. describe a study engagement program and patient centred care in the medical Intensive Care Unit. In a prospective interventional study design, approximately two thousand and fifty patients on admission were involved from July 2013 to May 2015. The study was conducted in a large tertiary care center. The outcome was computed from the aggregated adverse event rates in this study. The study incorporates secondary outcomes that include patient care and partner satisfaction, resource utilization, and concordance of care plan.

This study demonstrates that the overall rate of adverse events dropped by 29% throughout the intervention period. From 71.8 to 93.3 percent, patients’ and caregivers’ overall satisfaction levels climbed. Notably, the use of resources and concordance with care plans remained unchanged. This study demonstrates how implementing a structured program with an aim of enhancing communication in teamwork as well as patient involvement in the intensive care unit reduced severe events and boosted satisfaction among patients and care partners. Clinical systems, including organized team communication and patient engagement programs, are used to improve results and efficiency in nursing, practice, and healthcare delivery.  Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies Essay Paper

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Hay, Patricia, et al. “The importance of clinical documentation improvement for Australian hospitals.” Health Information Management Journal 49.1 (2020): 69-73.

Patricia et al. describe a study on the clinical documentation significance among hospitals in Australia. The authors of this article review different articles that indicate a lack of improved care in the past caused by poor clinical documentation. Poor clinical documentation led to increased costs, medication errors, lack of follow-up after discharge, and higher readmission rates. In this study, clinicians were involved in improving clinical documentation in the medical record. Afterward, reports were taken and analysis done. Outcomes were computed from the cost and medical errors analysis and admission rates.

This article reports a study in major teaching hospitals in Melbourne on the effects of poor documentation. Within six months of the study, the authors report that 57% of inpatients in the surgical unit had their treatment delayed due to missing documentation of diagnostic information. From the study, inaccurate hospital data led to a shortfall of AUD$575,290 of hospital revenue within six months. The authors conclude that clinical documentation should be encouraged using modern technology to avoid losing or misplacing patient data. This article shows that clinical systems (clinical documentation) improve patient care and decrease medical errors in healthcare systems.

Mullins, Alexandra, et al. “Health outcomes and healthcare efficiencies associated with the use of electronic health records in hospital emergency departments: a systematic review.” Journal of Medical Systems 44.12 (2020): 1-25.

The electronic health record systems’ impacts on the outcomes of healthcare and emergency department efficiency was examined in this research using a review of studies published between 2000 and 2019. Before the study, the writers thoroughly explored previously written publications and themes pertaining to this topic. Scientific databases were systematically reviewed for the investigation (EMBASE, EMcare, and MEDLINE). To gather information and reach conclusions, the authors used studies. Costs, the volume of diagnostic testing, and admission rates were the study’s results related to electronic health records in the emergency room.

According to Alexandra et al. (2020), improvements were recorded in outcomes of seven different types as well as three different effciencies associated with electronic health records. The study reports that electronic records led to decreased diagnostic tests done. Also, there was a reduction in imaging tests and general costs due to electronic health records. Notably, as a result of health records application, the article reports an increase in admission rates. Generally, electronic health records improved outcomes and efficiency in the healthcare system.

Conclusively, clinical systems have proved to be efficient in improving patient care and efficiency in healthcare. The first article shows that structured team communication and patient engagement program lead to improved outcomes and efficiencies in nursing practice and healthcare delivery. The second article shows that clinical documentation is vital in healthcare because it reduces medical errors and improves patient care. Also, electronic health records (as discussed in the third article) has positively impacted general healthcare outcomes such as admission and diagnostic rates. Nurse or health informatics combines information technology with clinical services. Technology is widely used since it is more effective and laxer in healthcare delivery. According to reports from the Nursing Informatics Awareness taskforce, about fifty percent of working hours for nurses is used for documenting. Generally, clinical systems such as clinical documentation, electronic health records, structured team communication, and patient engagement should be encouraged in all healthcare systems to improve patient care and nursing practice.

References

DEHGHANI, M., Nooshiravani, Y., Shokrizadeh, B. K., & ASGARIAN, A. (2019). The problems of health information management departments and their causes in Iran.

https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=658004

Doshi, A. M., Moore, W. H., Kim, D. C., Rosenkrantz, A. B., Fefferman, N. R., Ostrow, D. L., &

Recht, M. P. (2018). Informatics solutions for driving an effective and efficient radiology

practice. RadioGraphics, 38(6), 1810-1822. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2018180037

Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., … & Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: the promoting respect and ongoing safety through patient engagement communication and technology study. Critical care medicine, 45(8), e806-e813.

https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449

Hay, P., Wilton, K., Barker, J., Mortley, J., & Cumerlato, M. (2020). The importance of clinical documentation improvement for Australian hospitals. Health Information Management Journal, 49(1), 69-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/1833358319854185

Mullins, A., O’Donnell, R., Mousa, M., Rankin, D., Ben-Meir, M., Boyd-Skinner, C., & Skouteris, H. (2020). Health outcomes and healthcare efficiencies associated with the use of electronic health records in hospital emergency departments: a systematic review. Journal of Medical Systems, 44(12), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-01660-0

Literature Review The Use of Clinical Systems to Improve Outcomes and Efficiencies Essay Paper