Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example
To Prepare
Your Instructor will assign you to a specific neurodevelopmental disorder from the DSM-5. ( i was assigned Speech sound disorder)
Research your assigned disorder using the Walden Library. Then, develop an organizational scheme for the important information about the disorder.
The Assignment
Create a study guide for your assigned disorder (SPEECH SOUND DISORDER). Your study guide should be in the form of an outline with references, and you should incorporate visual elements such as concept maps, charts, diagrams, images, color coding, mnemonics, and/or flashcards. Be creative! It should not be in the format of an APA paper. Your guide should be informed by the DSM-5 but also supported by at least three other scholarly resources. Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example
Areas of importance you should address, but are not limited to, are:
Signs and symptoms according to the DSM-5
Differential diagnoses
Incidence
Development and course
Prognosis
Considerations related to culture, gender, age
Pharmacological treatments, including any side effects
Nonpharmacological treatments
Diagnostics and labs
Comorbidities
Legal and ethical considerations
Pertinent patient education considerations
By Day 7 of Week 8
Submit your Assignment to the forum as an attachment. Although no responses are required, collegial discussion is welcome. You are encouraged to utilize your peers’ submitted guides on their assigned neurodevelopmental disorders for study.
Learning Resources
Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)
Hilt, R. J., & Nussbaum, A. M. (2016). DSM-5 pocket guide for child and adolescent mental health. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
Chapter 12, “Developmental Milestones”
Thapar, A., Pine, D. S., Leckman, J. F., Scott, S., Snowling, M. J., & Taylor, E. A. (2015). Rutter’s child and adolescent psychiatry (6th ed.). Wiley Blackwell.
Chapter 51, “Autism Spectrum Disorder”
Chapter 55, “ADHD and Hyperkinetic Disorder”
Utah State University. (n.d.). Creating study guides. https://www.usu.edu/academic-support/test/creating_study_guides
Walden University. (2020). Success strategies: Self-paced interactive tutorials. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/academic-skills-center/skills/tutorials/success-strategies
Zakhari, R. (2020). The psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner certification review manual. Springer.
Chapter 13, “Child/Adolescent Neurodevelopmental Disorders”
Required Media (click to expand/reduce)
Dillon, K. (2019, March 23). DSM-5 neurodevelopmental disorders. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ydr9s_UwACo
The National Center for Learning Disabilities. (2013, February 20). What is ADHD? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/0Wz7LdLFJVM
Osmosis. (2017, October 17). Autism – causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/x2hWVgZ8J4A
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Speech Sound Disorder [315.39 (F80.0)]
Speech sound disorder is a neurodevelopmental communication disorder as classified in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or DSM-5 (Sadock et al., 2015; APA, 2013). Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example
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Signs and Symptoms: Difficulty with sound production and speech, unintelligibility, poor academic achievement, poor social participation, impaired occupational performance.
Differential Diagnoses:
Incidence: 8-9%
Development and Course: Inability to produce words clearly past the past the required age. Usual age of speech competence is 7 years. Misarticulation may be normal up to age 8 years. Lisping may be involved and may be due to abnormal tongue movements. Response to treatment is typically good with resolution over time.
Prognosis: The condition is not life-long and resolves over time. Prognosis is however poor if there is an accompanying language disorder (Sadock et al., 2015; APA, 2015).
Considerations Related to Culture, Gender, and Age:
Table: Prevalence of speech sound disorder by gender (Researchgate)
Pharmacological Treatments: Anxiety-relieving medications such as escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), and sertraline (Zoloft) amongst others (Stahl, 2017).
Nonpharmacological Treatments: Speech therapy and physical exercises to strengthen speech muscles.
Diagnostics and Labs: Standardized psychometric tests for language and speech.
Comorbidities: Dysarthria, stuttering, apraxia.
Legal and Ethical Considerations: Every child has a right to education. Discrimination on the basis of speech sound disorder is therefore illegal in all jurisdictions. Ethically, stigma will make the patient even more anxious and worsen the manifestations. This violates the bioethical principle of nonmaleficence (Haswell, 2019).
Pertinent Patient Education Considerations
• Speak to yourself before speaking out loudly.
• Avoid eye contact if it makes you anxious.
• Do not think about your speech disorder when speaking as it makes it worse.
• Engage in sports activities.
• Join speaking clubs such as the debate club in school to build your confidence speaking in front of people.
• Often stand in front of a mirror and speak.
References
American Psychological Association [APA] (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 5th ed. Author.
Haswell, N. (2019). The four ethical principles and their application in aesthetic practice. Journal of Aesthetic Nursing, 8(4), 177-179. https://doi.org/10.12968/joan.2019.8.4.177
Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V.A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences clinical psychiatry, 11th ed. Wolters Kluwer.
Stahl, S.M. (2017). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Prescriber’s guide, 6th ed. Cambridge University Pre
Reference
American Psychological Association [APA] (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), 5th ed. Author.
Haswell, N. (2019). The four ethical principles and their application in aesthetic practice. Journal of Aesthetic Nursing, 8(4), 177-179. https://doi.org/10.12968/joan.2019.8.4.177
Sadock, B.J., Sadock, V.A., & Ruiz, P. (2015). Synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences clinical psychiatry, 11th ed. Wolters Kluwer. Neurodevelopmental Disorders Essay Example
