There are several chronic health problems with genetic/genomic components that plague the population. These health problems are very difficult and challenging diseases to manage. Evidenced-based nursing practice must include genetic and genomic information when planning patient care. Nurses, through their knowledge and support, play an important role in positive patient outcomes when managing the challenges of these genetically linked diseases.  Pharmacogenomics and Chronic Illness Essay Paper

For this Discussion, you will consider applications of various topics to genetics and genomics. Review the Resources focusing on the application of genetics and genomics to nursing

Choose one of the following subtopics:

Pharmacogenomics and chronic illnesses
Genomics in patient assessment
Genetically competent care for those with chronic illnesses
Note: A different subtopic relating to genetics and genomics may be chosen with Instructor approval.

Locate at least one scholarly journal article that discusses your subtopic.

By Day 3
Respond to the following:

Identify your subtopic and provide a brief summary of your journal article on how this topic relates to nursing practice.
What is the nurse’s role in providing care in relation to your subtopic and the overarching theme of advocacy?
What ethical implications should be considered with regard to genetics and genomics for nursing practice? Why?
Support your response with references from the professional nursing literature.  Pharmacogenomics and Chronic Illness Essay Paper

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Note Initial Post: A 3-paragraph (at least 350 words) response. Be sure to use evidence from the readings and include in-text citations. Utilize essay-level writing practice and skills, including the use of transitional material and organizational frames. Avoid quotes; paraphrase to incorporate evidence into your own writing. A reference list is required. Use the most current evidence (usually ≤ 5 years old).

Pharmacogenomics and Chronic Illness: The View from a Nursing Standpoint on Chronic Pain Therapy

Pharmacogenomics is the field of medical study dedicated to finding the answers as to why patients’ response to medications or drugs is affected by genes. It is a combination of the study of drugs as well as that of gens and their expression. That is pharmacology and genomics respectively (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2020). The subtopic chosen for this assignment is pharmacogenomics and chronic illness. The journal article by Yamamoto et al. (2019) on pharmacogenomics and chronic pain is the one that will be looked at here with regard to its relationship to nursing practice.

A Brief Summary of the Article

This article by Yamamoto et al. (2019) was written in the context of chronic pain therapy. Chronic pain is pain that occurs for more than three consecutive months and is classified as a chronic illness. The authors state that the observed genetic differences that are related to the effectiveness, efficacy, or side effects of drugs can be harnessed to provide direction on how chronic pain can be managed. Because it is still a relatively new field, clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics is still challenging. What is required is the translation of the pharmacogenomic study findings in a seamless manner into clinical decision making (Yamamoto et al., 2019). In this, nurses are intimately involved as they are the foremost patient advocates.

Ethical Implications and Nurses’ Advocacy Role in Care Provision in the Context of Pharmacogenomics 

Nurses are responsible for ensuring that patients with chronic illnesses are not predisposed to medication habituation or suffer their detrimental effects (adverse effects). This is in line with the bioethical principle of nonmaleficence or primum non nocere (Haswell, 2019) and requires closely matching patient idiosyncratic responses to medication given. Thus advocacy requires the nurse to closely monitor response and take action.

References

Haswell, N. (2019). The four ethical principles and their application in aesthetic practice. Journal of Aesthetic Nursing, 8(4), 177-179. https://doi.org/10.12968/joan.2019.8.4.177

US Department of Health and Human Services (September 22, 2020). What is pharmacogenomics? https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/understanding/genomicresearch/pharmacogenomics/

Yamamoto, P.A., Costa, A.C.C., Lauretti, G.R., & de Moraes, N.V. (2019). Pharmacogenomics in chronic pain therapy: From disease to treatment and challenges for clinical practice. Pharmacogenomics, 20(13), 971-982. https://doi.org/10.2217/pgs-2019-0066  . Pharmacogenomics and Chronic Illness Essay Paper