Use the \”Literature Evaluation Table\” to complete this assignment.

Select a nursing practice problem of interest to use as the focus of your research. Start with the patient population and identify a clinical problem or issue that arises from the patient population. In 200–250 words, provide a summary of the clinical issue.
Following the PICOT format, write a PICOT question in your selected nursing practice problem area of interest. The PICOT question should be applicable to your proposed capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).
The PICOT question will provide a framework for your capstone project.
Conduct a literature search to locate six research articles focused on your selected nursing practice problem of interest. This literature search should include three quantitative and three qualitative peer-reviewed research articles to support your nursing practice problem. PICOT Essay Paper

 PICOT

Summary of the Clinical Issue

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) refer to infections that patients acquire during their stay in hospitals. Examples of HAIs include catheter-associated urinary tract infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and surgical site infections (Haque et al., 2018). According to Sharma et al (2018), about 1 in 25 patients acquire HAI during their hospitalization within the US, and this adds to approximately 722,000 infections annually, where 75,000 succumb to the HAIs. HAIs are associated with increased mortality and morbidity; prolonged length of hospital stay; reduced patient satisfaction; and increased healthcare costs. HAIs also lead to emotional stress, functional impairment, and can also lead to disabilities that adversely impact the quality of life for the patients (Voidazan et al., 2020).

The hands of healthcare providers are the most common means of transmitting microorganisms to patients and in the healthcare setting (Haque et al., 2018). Therefore, hand hygiene is an effective measure to prevent HAIs. Voidazan et al (2020) also explain that easy infection-control techniques like hand cleaning using alcohol-based hand rubs can significantly reduce the rate of HAIs in healthcare organizations. However, adherence to hand hygiene among healthcare providers is low and this contributes to the high incidence of HAIs in healthcare organizations.  PICOT Essay Paper

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PICOT Question

For the hospitalized patients (P), are alcohol-based rubs (I) when compared to hand-washing using water and soap (C), more effective in preventing/reducing HAIs (O), during patient’s hospital stay (T)?

Literature Evaluation Table

References

Chatfield, S. L., Nolan, R., Crawford, H., & Hallam, J. S. (2016). Experiences of hand hygiene among acute care nurses: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. SAGE open medicine, 4, 2050312116675098. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312116675098

Gesser-Edelsburg, A., Cohen, R., Halavi, A. M., Zemach, M., van Heerden, P. V., Sviri, S., & Shteinberg, D. (2018). Beyond the hospital infection control guidelines: a qualitative study using positive deviance to characterize gray areas and to achieve efficacy and clarity in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 7(1), 1-10.

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Hansen S, Schwabd F & Gastmeier P. (2015). ReviewProvision and consumption of alcohol-based hand rubs in European hospitals. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 21(12), 1047-1051.

Haque, M., Sartelli, M., McKimm, J., & Abu Bakar, M. (2018). Health care-associated infections – an overview. Infection and drug resistance, 11, 2321–2333. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S177247

Kampiatu P & Cozean J. (2015). A Controlled, Crossover Study of a Persistent Antiseptic to Reduce Hospital-Acquired Infection. Afr J Infect Dis, 9(1), 6–9.

Murni I, Duke T, Kinney S, daley A & Yati S. (2015). Reducing hospital-acquired infections and improving the rational use of antibiotics in a developing country: an effectiveness study. Arch Dis Child, 100(5), 454–459.

Sharma S. (2018). Hand hygiene and hospital-acquired infections. Med J DY Patil Vidyapeeth, 11(1), 201-2.

Voidazan, S., Albu, S., Toth, R., Grigorescu, B., Rachita, A., & Moldovan, I. (2020). Healthcare Associated Infections-A New Pathology in Medical Practice. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030760

PICOT Essay Paper