Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay

• Question 1 1 out of 1 points In a group therapy session for adolescents, a 15-year-old patient says he has trouble making conversation with people he does not know well. Based on the principle of development of socializing techniques, what explicit approach might the PMHNP take? • Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

Question 2 1 out of 1 points One group member is identified by the PMHNP as the monopolist of the group. Which behavior does the PMHNP believe this member is most likely to display? •

Question 3 1 out of 1 points During a first group therapy session, a member is outgoing and participates actively. Based on this information, what is an appropriate prediction about this group member by the PMHNP?

• Question 4 1 out of 1 points A 21-year-old client with narcissistic traits is noted to continuously disrupt the group by speaking while others are speaking. It becomes evident that the client is purposely disrupting the group and decreasing the group’s productivity. What does the PMHNP identify as a cause of the client’s behavior?

• Question 5 1 out of 1 points Harold Wyman is a 74-year-old man who is trying to mend a relationship with his adult daughter. Based on his intake assessment, the PMHNP believes that the father has depression. The daughter and Harold meet with the PMNHP, and the daughter explains that her father always appears mopey and withdrawn and refuses to do anything about it. When asked, the father reports feeling sad all the time. Which action will the PMNHP employ with Harold using the interpersonal psychotherapy approach throughout the various sessions? Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

• Question 6 1 out of 1 points A PMHNP is leading a group therapy session for patients with substance abuse problems. After a productive session in which all members participated, the following week was not as productive. In order to help the group members assume responsibility for evaluating the meeting, what is an appropriate comment for the PMHNP to make?

ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER NOW

• Question 7 1 out of 1 points During the “mid-group debrief” the clinical supervisor focused on the following areas with the two counselors except:

• Question 8 1 out of 1 points The social microcosm theory is a theory that relates to group composition. In accordance with this theory, the PMHNP is aware that the group must consist of which of the following? Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

• Question 9 0 out of 1 points Peter, a successful businessman, is introduced to the group during the twelfth week. Following Peter’s introduction, Joseph, a long-term member in the group, begins to lead the group and discuss all of the things that he has personally accomplished. In what way does the PMHNP correctly interpret Joseph’s behavior? • Question 10 0 out of 1 points . Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

The Importance of Socialization

Socialization is the process of learning how to become part of a culture.  Through socialization one learns the culture’s language, their role in life, and what is expected from them.  Socialization is a very important process in the forming of personality.  Socialization occurs when one interacts with other people.  Socialization allows all individuals in a community to develop very similar values, norms, and beliefs (O’Neil, 2009).  Socialization is a lifelong process, though the early stages of socialization are crucial (Shepard, 2009, p. 90).  Without Socialization a person will develop different physical and mental disabilities.  Socialization is a very important life process. Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

The socialization of young children is very important. During the first few years of children’s live, children interacts only with a few different people, mostly family.  Everything children see and hear leaves an impression on them.  In this time children learn to walk, learn talk, develop the ability to have a relationship, and start developing personality.  A very important part of socialization is role taking.  The first step in role taking is the preparatory stage.  The Preparatory stage is also known as the imitation stage.  This stage begins shortly after the first year of life.  In this stage children imitate things happening around them, including sounds and physical movement, but do not understand what they are imitating. Around age three or four children begin the play stage.  In the play stage children start to take the role of one person at a time (Chapter 4: Socialization). Children pretend to be a mother, father, police officer, firefighter, teacher, doctor, or someone the children know or see; most likely someone the children look up to.  In this stage children imitate being someone else by doing things they think that person would do. Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.The third and final stage of developing role taking is the game stage.  The game stage generally starts around age six.  In the game stage children imitate the roles of several others at the same time.  In the game stage the children learns to play sports and participate in group activities that require them to have some idea of what other people expect from them.  In this stage the children understands the roles of multiple people at the same time.  Role taking allows people to be part of a group (Shepard, 2009, p.96).

Another part of the process of socialization is cognitive development.  Cognitive development refers to the development of thinking, knowing, perceiving, judging, and reasoning.  Children develop these abilities through things occurring around them.  According to Piaget’s theory Cognitive intelligence develops in stages. In Piaget’s theory there are four stages; the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational stage, and the formal operational stage (Huitt and Hummel, 2003).  The sensorimotor stage begins at birth and ends around age two.  During this stage the children learns how to coordinate body movements with thoughts.  They learn that they are separate from other objects, and can cause things to happen.   The second stage is the preoperational stage.  This stage starts around age two and ends around age seven.  In this stage the children learns to associate symbols and language with objects.  Children see everything through their own view point.  During this stage children are very self-centered.  The third stage, the stage of concrete operations, starts around age eight and ends around age twelve.  In this stage children learn to solve problems and reason using physical objects.  The fourth and final stage is the Formal operation stage.  This stage begins around age thirteen and continues into adulthood.  In this stage individuals begin to reason without using physical objects or symbols.  They learn to make a hypothesis to solve a problem.  All of these stages make up cognitive development (Shepard, 2009, p.95, 96). Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

There are three major Sources of Socialization that affect Children; family, school, mass media.  The Family is one of the most important parts of socialization for children, because, their first contact is with family, and for the first few years of life children interact mostly with family.  Children learn their values, norms, and beliefs from their family.  Their family is a large factor in what other people think about individuals.  In School children are in the hands of adults other than parents.  In school children learn to be less dependent on their parents.  In school children learn discipline, order, cooperation, and conformity.  In schools children socialize with friends.  Mass media includes television, radio, newspapers, magazines, movies, books, and the internet.  This form of socialization can be positive or negative.  Children learn how different social statuses are expected to behave.  Sometimes mass media distorts reality, and makes things appear more exciting than it really is.  These things have a great influence on children and are a very important part of socialization (Shepard, 2009, p.102-106).

Without socialization children will not develop skills necessary for living.  They are not able to learn to talk, walk, eat, use the bathroom, read, write, and many other things.  There are some documented observations of children who have been socially isolated.  Three of these are Anna, Isabelle, and Genie (shepard, 2009, p.91). Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

Anna was the second child to her unmarried mother.  They lived with Anna’s grandfather.  Anna’s mother thought that if her father would see Anna he would be angered.  Because of this, Anna was forced to live in a room that was much like an attic.  She was never given food, she lived solely on milk.  When she was discovered at age five, she could not walk, talk, and she showed no sign of intelligence.  Shortly after she was discovered, she was placed in a country home for children.  Within a year and a half at the country home she learned to understand simple commands, eat, keep herself clean, and walk.  Her speech made some improvement, but her speech was still the equivalent of a one-year-old.  After the year and a half at the country home, she was transferred to a school for retarded children.  At the school she made some progress in her speech, it was equivalent to the speech of a two-year-old.  She learned to do lots of very basic things, such as bounce and catch a ball, eat normally, use the bathroom, dress herself, build with blocks, identify a few colors, and brush her teeth.  She died at age ten (Shepard, 2009, p.91, 92). Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

Isabelle was the daughter of a single mother.  Her mother was a deaf-mute.  Isabelle was kept in dark room with her mother.  She was found at age six.  Her legs were bowed, she could not talk, and she was scared of strangers.  She was put into an intensive program of rehabilitation, she had a slow start, but then she progressed very quickly.  In two years she acquired the skills of a six-year-old.  When she was eight, her education was equivalent to the children her own age.  Her progress may be linked to the presence of her mother when she was isolated (Shepard, 2009, p.92).

Genie was locked in a room from the time she was two till she was discovered, at age thirteen.  She was completely silent, because her father punished her for making any vocal sounds.  She could not chew food, because she had never been given solid food.  She could not stand strait, or straiten her arms.  Genie was not successful in her four years of rehabilitation.  After her rehabilitation she could not read, could only speak in short phrases, and she just started to control her feelings and behavior (Shepard, 2009, p.92).

Socialization among children is very important.  Children must learn to walk, talk, eat, and lots of other life skills.  Without socialization individuals can not develop intelligence, and never learn how to perform basic daily functions. Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.  Children must know the values, beliefs, and norms of the surrounding culture, so that they will be able to know what is expected from them. The process of socialization and the sources of socialization are very important in the developing of children. Socialization is a very Important Process throughout life, but it the most important in young children.

Works Cited

Chapter 4:  Socialization. (n.d.). Retrieved October 5, 2009, from http://www.latech.edu/tech/liberal-arts/sociology/white/3socialization.htm

Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (n.d.). Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University, Retrieved October 5, 2009, from http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/cogsys/piaget.html

O’Neil, D. (2009, January 3). socialization. Retrieved September 28, 2009, from anthro.palomar.edu/social/soc_1.htm

Shepard, J. M. (2009). Sociology (Cengage Advantage Books). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

The human child comes into the world, as a biological organism with animal needs. He is gradually moulded in society into a social being and learns social ways of acting and feeling. No individual could become the person and no culture could exist without it. This process of moulding and shaping the personality of the human infant is called “Socialization”. Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay. The human infant enters this world as a biological organism like all other animals as a bundle of muscles, bones, vital organs and all other biological parts needed for life. At the birth, he is just a human being. A human child cannot survive unaided for at least the first four or five years of life. At this stage, the newborn human baby is helpless. Not only is it physically dependent for the satisfaction of biological needs such as hunger and protection on older members of the species but it also lacks the behaviour patterns necessary for living in human society, In order to survive, the infant has a lot to learn the skills, knowledge and accepted ways of behaving of the society. It must learn a way of life. This learning in sociological terminology is called Socialization. Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

Man is not only social but also cultural. It is the culture that provides opportunities for man to develop the personality. Development of personality is not an automatic process Every society prescribes its own ways and means of giving social training to its newborn members so that they may develop their own personality. This social training is called ‘Socialization’. The process of socialization is conditioned by culture. Socialization is a gradual process of learning. Socialization is not confined to childhood; it is a lifelong process. Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay. It is no longer regarded as the exclusive preserve of childhood, with the primary agents being the family and school. Socialization means the child’s learning to participate in social roles. Socialization is a life process, but is generally divided into two parts. Primary socialization takes place early in life, as a child and adolescent. Secondary socialization refers to the socialization that takes place throughout one’s life, both as a child and as one encounters new groups that require additional socialization.

Socialization is conditioned by culture. Since every society has its own culture the ways of the process of socialization also differ from society to society. Further the same culture and the same ways of Socialization may have diverse effects on the development of the personality of the members of the same society. Thus, a culture need necessarily produce stereotype personalities. There is scope of individuality in the process of Socialization. But the fact the culture puts limitations on the development of personality cannot be ignored. Little of man’s behaviour is instinctive. Rather man’s behavior is learnt behaviour. Socialization means the process whereby an individual becomes a functioning member of society. Learning the rules and practices of social groups socializes the individual. Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay. This helps the group to maintain its order. By this process the individual develops a personality of his own. It is recognized that the Socialization is not simple a one ways process in which an individual learns how to fit into the society. He may also redefine his roles and obligations and a result he affects society. Every man tries to adjust himself to the conditions of his environment. This process of adjustment is itself socialization. The social order is maintained largely by Socialization. Everyone is born with defined capacities. Though there may be some limits to what a man can do, this limitation can be overcome and is being overcome by the development of civilization. Man’s capacity to learn may be increased by the development of new techniques of instruction and incentives.

Durkheim’s theory of ‘Collective representations’ throws some light on the study of the process of socialization. In this theory of socialization Durkheim has asserted that the individual be comes socialized by adopting the behaviour of his group. By ‘Collective representations’ he meant the body of experiences, ideas and ideals of a group upon which the individual unconsciously depends for his ideas, attitudes and behaviour. To Durkheim, collective representations are objects or factor of social values. These objects are symbol-products and are mutually owned mutually proclaimed.Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

Stages of Socialization

Socialization is a gradual process of learning; the newborn baby is not thought all the things about social life at once. It proceeds from simplicity to complexity. During the early stage of life Socialization takes place within the simple limited social world. Gradually this social world becomes broader and the child is confronted with several things to learn and to adjust. Socialization is not confined to childhood; it is a lifelong process. It is no longer regarded as the exclusive preserve of childhood, with the primary agents being the family and school. It begins at birth and continues until death. Socialization means the child’s learning to participate in social roles. Hence the main objects to be internalized by the child are the social roles themselves. In order to perform any social role adequately, one must know the other social roles in the same social system. Hence the child must internalize the role that he is expected to perform by himself and also the roles of the other persons with whom he interacts. In fact the internalization of roles is almost the same thing as the growth of personality. At each stage of Socialization the child internalizes a system of roles, not just the one role. Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

Now, we shall describe briefly four important stages of Socialization from infancy to old age. They are –

1. Oral Stage.
2. Anal Stage.
3. Latency Stage.
4. Adolescence Stage.

1. 1. Oral Stage

This stage begins with the birth of the child and continues up to the completion of one year. Before birth the child in the mother’s womb is in the foetal from and is warm and comfortable. In this year of life child’s contact with the outside world, including its mother is channeled through the mouth and lips. The mother is the first parent who begins the process of Socialization. For everything the child cries a great deal. Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay. By means of crying the child establishes its oral dependency. The child here develops some definite expectations about the feeding time. The child also learns to give signals for his felt needs. In this stage the child is involved in himself and his mother.

At this stage, the child makes no difference between persons and things, the mother’s breast and the nipple of the bottle are equally and solely means of organic satisfaction. Crying, smiling and eye movement in response to other are forms of early social behaviour. The roles of the mother and the infant are merged at the stage of development. Sigmund Freud called this stage- the stage of “primary identification”. It means the child merges his identity with that of the mother. The child only tries to establish some control over the hunger drive. According to Talcot Parsons, “Child is a mean of recreation for others in this stage. Generally he can recognize his mother and become happy when he comes in contact with his mother.

1. 1. Anal Stage.

The second stage normally begins soon after the first year and is completed during the third year. It is here that the child learns that he cannot depend entirely on the mother and that he has to take some degree of care for himself. Toilet training is the main focus of new concern. The child is thought to do some tasks such a toileting, keeping clothes clean, etc. During this period the child learns how to eat their food and talk in a polite way. The child develops a sense of control over itself and its environment, although it is still dependent on its parents.Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.  He starts recognizing the family relations. During this stage, the child internalizes two roles his own and that of his/her mother now can clearly separate. The child receives ‘care’ also ‘love’ from the mother and learns to give love in return. The child is enabled to difference between correct and incorrect actions. The correct action is rewarded and the incorrect action is not rewarded but punished. In this stage the socializing agent that is the mother plays the dual role. The dual role of the mother helps the child to participate in a more complex social system.

1. 1. Latency Stage.

This stage mostly starts from the fourth year of the child and extend up to puberty (the age of 12 or 13 years). It is in this stage the child becomes the member of the family as a whole. It is here the child has to identify himself with the social role ascribed to him on the basis of his sex. In family child comes to know about the status of members because now he comes to know about different relations like who is father, who is mother, who is uncle, grandfather, grandmother, brother, sister etc. During these years the child shifts his interest more and more from the social world of family to the group life of his/her peers. Social consciousness develops rapidly, the chief interest is in-group activities and group loyalty becomes highly important.  Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.In this stage sufficient social pressures are brought on the child to identify with the right sex. Boys begin to be rewarded, for behaving like boys and girls are rewarded for acting like girls. After the age of six the child is able to understand the sexual difference. The boy tries to identify himself with the father and the girl with the mother. When the children go to the school or mix with other children they prefer to join their respective playgroups. In this stage the boys makes three kinds of identification – 1. He identifies with his father and brother. 2. He identifies with all his siblings. 3. He identifies with the family as a member. At this stage the child learns t behave himself in various contexts of his activity, particularly when interacting with adults, besides, child also internalizes all the four roles of the family, for example husband-father, wife-mother, son-brother, daughter-sister. ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER NOW

1. 1. Adolescence Stage.

The fourth stage starts with the period of adolescence. Due to the psychological changes that take place within the individual this stage assumes importance. In this stage it is not possible for parents to control their children because children think that they are mature enough and they need more freedom. At the same time they cannot completely escape from their dependence on their parents. They want to be free in doing various activities. But the parents continue to control many of their activities. In the modern society the parents intend to give more freedom to the boys and girls to do some of their activities independently. The parents try to lessen the open expression of their emotional attachment towards the adolescent children. They encourage them to select their line of education, their occupation and their life partner. They expect the adolescent children to accept responsibility and learn new roles assigned to them. Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.

Conclusion:

Socialization generally refers to the process in which people learn the skills, knowledge, values, motives, and roles of the groups to which they belong or the communities in which they live. Socialization is seen as society’s principal mechanism for influencing the development of character and behavior. Most sociologists treat socialization “as a cornerstone both for the maintenance of society and for the well-being of the individual” Every society prescribes its own ways and means of giving social training to its newborn members so that they may develop their own personality. This social training is called ‘Socialization’. Even after these stages of Socialization after marriage and after becoming father, this process of socialization moves on that how he has to behave in new roles. But after these four stages the process of Socialization is not so complex because till this age he learns to adopt himself with the society and learns to adapt himself according to the situation. The success of the process of socialization depends upon these stages. Principle Of Development Of Socializing Techniques Essay.