Psychodynamic Theories Essay
Persons differ from one another and each personality is alone. Be it physically. emotionally.
intellectually or psychologically. each individual portrays distinguishable features that are sole. Many psychodynamic theoreticians have theorized the beginnings and parts that cultivate personality. Highlights of this paper will include contents of Freuds psychoanalytic theory to include the Idaho. self-importance.
superego. child experience. and the childish phase. and Sullivans interpersonal theory to include the importance of interpersonal relationships defined early in age through demands and anxiousness that contribute to the person and interpersonal relationships.PSYCHODYNAMICS AND INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITYPsychodynamic theories.
harmonizing to psychodynamic theory ( 2005 ) . travel a long manner back throughout history. Psychodynamic theories of personality represent behaviour and personality development. Dr. Sigmund Freud. Psychodynamic Theories Essay.
recognized as propagating psychodynamic theories through his theory of depth psychology. depicts how the combination of the presence of unconscious and witting head. Idaho. self-importance.
ace self-importance. and childhood experience create single personality ( _Psychodynamic Theory_ . 2005 ) .Freud describes that the unconscious head is divided. These divisions include the Idaho.
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self-importance. and superego are childhood experiences with thrusts of sex and aggression.Oftentimes anxiousness arises because sexual and aggressive Acts of the Apostless are punished during childhood. The ego keeps emotions of anxiousness repressed in the Idaho.which represents the amoral unconscious demand to carry through pleasance through any agencies ( good or evil ) ; the self-importance. which recognizes world and delivers demands of the Idaho based on societal norms ; and the superego. which recognizes morality ( good and evil ) and delivers emotion such as guilt ( Feist & A ; Feist. 2009 ) . Cardinal factors that control the Idaho.
which contributes to single behaviour. emotions. and attitudes throughout a life-time ( Feist & A ; Feist. 2009 ) . The Idaho.
self-importance. and superego drama important functions in Freuds phases of development that all contribute to single personality.Sripakdeevong ( 2008 ) states that Freud’s psychosexual development during an individual’s childhood would find personality as he grows up. This development begins during babyhood ; known as the Infantile period.
The Childish period includes the unwritten. anal. phallic stages. The unwritten stage is characterized by the Idaho. in which the Idaho aims to fulfill enjoyable demands. It includes the sexual impulses of sucking because suction is an infant’s first experience with pleasance. Psychodynamic Theories Essay.
During the unwritten phase an baby does non mind considerations and effects of any demand as in the anal phase ( Feist & A ; Feist. 2009 ) .Second is the anal stage in which the self-importance is present on the person. World of milieus.
congratulations. and effects are considered. Freud explains that one of a child’s first experiences with penalty and wages begins during lavatory preparation ( Feist & A ; Feist. 2009 ) .
Harmonizing to Freud lavatory preparation ignites a child’s experience with aggression and the reaction of the parents influence personality and behaviour. Freud determined when a kid within this stage presents the gift of his fecal matters to his parents and is praised he will expose features of generousness. If the gift is rejected a kid will keep back the gift ; act uponing features of methodicalness and obstinacy ( Feist & A ; Feist. 2009 ) .
Last. the phallic phase introduces the superego and the declaration of designation derived from Oedipus Complex. During the phallic phase kids discover pleasance among their genitalias and onanism becomes a suppressed emotion because of penalty. During this phase an individual’s personality is affected.
He is able to acknowledge if a behaviour is right or incorrect ( Feist & A ; Feist. 2009 ) .The Oedipus Complex appears during the phallic phase. which relates to a child’s privation and compulsion for the opposite sexed parent and the demand for riddance of the same sexed parent. The Oedipus Complex besides highlights the concern of the phallus.
A male child develops an anxiousness of fright of emasculation when the absence of the phallus on misss is identified. The female experiences enviousness of desiring to turn a phallus with the realisation of the male’s organ. Psychodynamic Theories Essay. By the terminal of the phallic phase the superego begins to develop and the Oedipus Complex subsides. From this. personality would get down to emulsify into an person that fits the norms and criterions of the society.PSYCHODYNAMICS AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPSWhereas Freud focused on interior personal properties such as the Idaho.
self-importance. superego. and childhood experience to back up the beginning of single personality. theoretician Harry Sullivan believed the development of personality exceeds the interior ego.
Harmonizing to Feist & A ; Feist ( 2009 ) Sullivan proclaimed “A personality can ne’er be isolated from the composite of interpersonal dealingss in which the individual lives and has his being” ( p. 213 ) . Sullivan recognized the significance that set uping familiarity with other people has on healthy human development ( Feist & A ; Feist. 2009 ) .
Like Freud. Sullivan besides explains personality development in phases and emphasizes anxiousness and demands. The following examines how anxiousness and demands are prevailing in Sullivan’s interpersonal theory.Tension is a signifier of energy that can advance the possibility of actions or are actions themselves ( Feist & A ; Feist.
2009 ) . Tension is transferred to fulfill a demand or stamp down anxiousness. Feist & A ; Feist ( 2009 ) describe demands as “a biological instability between a individual and the physiochemical environment” ( p. 217 ) .
Sullivan speaks of tenderness as the most basic interpersonal demand. The demand for tenderness generates in babyhood and the response to the demand by the primary health professional contributes to the personality development of the baby ( Feist & A ; Feist. 2009 ) . The illustration of the demand for tenderness described by Sullivan clearly demonstrates the demand of interpersonal relationships and how reactions to the demands from the environment create personality.
Anxiety is the other type of tenseness described by Sullivan. Sullivan deems empathy to be the bearer of anxiousness from female parent to infant ( Feist & A ; Feist. 2009 ) . Because health professionals can non observe an infant’s anxiousness they themselves become dying when seeking to find the babes need. Sullivan believed that the more dying a female parent is.
the more dying the infant becomes. Anxiety to Sullivan is responsible for barricading the development of interpersonal relationships because he believed anxiousness contributes to detain acquisition. impairs memory. and narrows perceptual experience ( Feist. & A ; Feist. 2009 ) .
Feist & A ; Feist ( 2009 ) depict how Sullivan besides believed anxiousness “prevents people from larning from their errors. supports people prosecuting a infantile want for security. and by and large guarantee that people will non larn from their experiences” ( p. 218 ) . This psychodynamic theory emphasizes the importance that the two drive forces of tension-needs and anxiety-has on the ability of a individual to develop and keep healthy interpersonal relationships. Other theoreticians besides coincide with the influence of interpersonal relationships.
Harmonizing to Domebeck and Moran ( 2006 ) . a psychodynamic theory known as the object dealingss theory.Psychodynamic Theories Essay. depict how an single represents his present and past relationships to other people. In this theory when a individual has had a bad relationship in the yesteryear. there is a inclination that it would re-occur.
However. if an person had a healthy old relationship. there is a greater inclination that he would hold another healthy relationship in the hereafter. The fulfilment of demands in babyhood and the degree of anxiousness presented and infant have an influence on the ability to obtain healthy swearing relationships in the hereafter.Sigmund Freud holds a superior place in the psychodynamic theories of personality.
Freuds psychoanalytic theory explains how the unconscious head. Idaho. self-importance. superego. and childhood experience develop personality in the early phases of life. Equally early as babyhood Freud believed sexual impulses and the demand to carry through pleasance motivate behaviour.
Sexual impulses and the demand to carry through pleasance reside within the Idaho. Because the Idaho does non acknowledge world the self-importance is responsible for control the behaviours sent to recover pleasance make fulling demands. The self-importance develops personality because it recognizes societal norms and controls behavior to them. The superego realizes morality and delivers emotions such as guilt if necessary.
Whereas Freud relates personality to the interior ego Sullivan believed the interpersonal relationships developed throughout a child’s life and throughout a life-time constitutes personality. Sullivan believes personality would be nonexistent if were non for interpersonal relationships. Psychodynamic Theories Essay.Sullivan does non disregard the thoughts of Freud but believed elements outside of the ego besides contribute to personality. Could personality exist without the outer ego universe and interpersonal relationships?MentionsDomebeck.
M. . Moran. J.
( 2006 ) . Psychodynamic Theories. _mentalhelp. net_ . Retrieved on July 2. 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.
mentalhelp. net/poc/view_doc. php? type=doc & A ; id=9713 & A ; cn=353Feist. J. . & A ; Feist.
G. ( 2009 ) . _Theories of personality_ ( 7th ed. ) . New York: McGraw Hill.Psychodynamic Theory.
( 2005 ) Retrieved on July 2. 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. depression- usher. com/psychodynamic-theory.
htmSripakdeevong. P. ( 2008 ) . Personality Theories in the Psychodynamic Perspective.
_scribd. com_ . Retrieved on July 2. 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.
scribd. com/doc/2572295/Personality- Theories-in-the-Psychodynamic-Perspective-by-Pariya-Sripakdeevong
Psychodynamic theory seeks to explain human behavior based on the concept that a person’s mind has two sections; the conscious part and the unconscious part. It also suggests that a person’s behavior is largely dependent on a child’s upbringing and the variables involved in the society. According to Sundberg (2001), psychodynamic theory was an upgrade of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis theory. Psychodynamic Theories Essay.This paper explains the different facets of this theory. It bases its argument on human decisions like conflict resolution.
Structure of Personality
This theory proposes that a person’s personality has three subdivisions; the ID, the ego and the superego (Sundberg, 2001). These three are mutually dependent. An individual’s ID constitutes of dreams, aspirations and desires both good and bad. The superego is then believed to be the conscience; it, therefore, guides a person’s action by making it possible for them to differentiate between right and wrong.
It is developed as one grows and it is largely dependent on one’s experiences, upbringing and surroundings. On the other hand, the ego is believed to be the middle ground between the ID and the superego. It seeks to settle disputes that may occur between the ID and the superego. This theory posited that an individuals ID and the superego are in constant conflict with each other. According to this theory, an individual’s ID, which constitutes his or her innate desires, is carefree (Raphael-Leff, 2005).
It is oblivious of the consequences that may arise due to its actions. However, the superego is aware of these consequences and will, therefore, intervene to try and stop the individual from doing anything that may cause harm. This is, therefore, what causes the conflict between the two.
The ego, therefore, tries to find a middle ground and resolve the conflict. This leads to the ego coming up with various coping mechanisms so as to seek balance between the two. It should be noted that if there is no balance between a person’s superego and ID the person may suffer mental illness. From this explanation, it, therefore, becomes obvious that the ego makes up the conscious part of mind while the ID and the superego make up the unconscious part. Psychodynamic Theories Essay.
Resolution of the Conflict
As mentioned earlier, the ego, in its quest to resolve the conflict in the unconscious part of the mind, comes up with various coping mechanisms which will be discussed. Repression is where the ego will try to suppress the innate desire especially if it is thought to be inappropriate, for example, sexual desires.
The individual may, however, find other ways to express this desire sub consciously. Displacement is where the person will try to direct the unwanted urges elsewhere. For example if a person is angry at their spouse they may take it out on a friend. Projection is where the individual will try and put the blame on someone else, or try and give explanations as to what is causing these urges.
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Regression, on the other hand, is where the individual will avoid the situation by regressing back to an inferior emotional phase, when things were easier. Reaction formation is where one will avoid the problem by doing something that is in all aspects not related to what one is experiencing; for example reading a book when you have the desire to go shopping (Raphael-Leff, 2005). Psychodynamic Theories Essay.
References
Raphael-Leff, J. (2005). Parent Infant Psychodynamics – Wild Things, Mirrors, and Ghosts. London: Wiley.
Sundberg, N. (2001). Clinical Psychology: Evolving Theory, Practice and Research. England: Prentice Hall.
This paper attempts to explore psychodynamic theory in depth as well as its presentation in real life as presented by Sigmund Freud. It presents an analysis of the theory in terms of its historical developments and perspectives as well as the ideas of its main supporters. Further, the paper also attempts to bring to light the hidden and unambiguous assumptions made by the theory concerning individuals, groups, families, systems and communities. Additionally, It will attempt to highlight the relationship that exists between the theory and other theories. Psychodynamic Theories Essay.The key concepts discussed by Feuds psychodynamic theory have also been discussed in this paper. In addition, the paper also focuses on the application of the psychodynamic theory in social work direct practice and how the theory has influenced various aspects and beliefs in the field. Finally, the paper will attempt to expose the main criticisms of the psychodynamic theory as presented by various psychological researchers. Amongst these three theories this paper will explore and explain family counseling approach of the Psychoanalytic therapy and its approach. This paper will also explain five commonly used family therapy theories which are strategic, systematic, intergenerational, structural, and experimental. This paper will also go into biblical vi ews to the psychodynamic theory and its biblical approach. Psychodynamic Theories Essay.
