Qualitative Data in Nursing

What type of qualitative research design was utilized to conduct the study?

Qualitative research design that applied a phenomenological method using semi-structured interviews that allowed 15 emergency room (ER) nurses in mid-western USA to respond freely.

Are the results valid/trustworthy and credible?

The results are trustworthy and credible. There is confidence in the truth of the research findings since they are synthesized from interviews with clear description of how the data was collected. In addition, there is neutrality in the research findings as they are based on responses from participants and not the researchers’ personal bias or any potential bias. There was an audit trail of the results that highlighted the steps taken to analyze the data and provide rationale for decisions made.

How were the participants chosen?

Convenience sampling was applied to ensure representation. Care was taken to collect a sample of ER nurses with varied years of ER experience. Once the initial sample was recruited, snowball sampling was applied to obtain additional participants.

How were accuracy and completeness of data assured?

Data accuracy and completeness was assured by using a pre-structured interview to collect data. All interviews followed the same format so that responses could be compared for participants to identify the emerging themes. Qualitative Data in Nursing Discussion Paper

How plausible/believable are the results?

The results are plausible because of two reasons. Firstly, they are based on actual interviews with ER nurses who offer significant information on the research question. Secondly, the results are supported by a comprehensive discussion that compares them to information from other reviewed publications.

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Are implications of the research stated?

The implications of the research are stated as support for beside shift reporting (BSR) process since it is beneficial by supporting nurse accountability, nurse introductions, and patient involvement. BSR helps to provide safe and quality patient-centered care.

May new insights increase sensitivity to others’ needs?

It presents new insights that increase sensitivity to the needs of nurses and patients.

May understandings enhance situational competence?

It enhances situational competence by showing that nurses and patients have unique needs.

What is the effect on the reader?

It helps readers in in understanding that BSR can improve nursing care performance through addressing the needs of nurses and patients at the bedside.

Are the results plausible and believable?

The results are plausible and believable. That is because they are based on actual interviews with nurses, and are compared to information from other reviewed publications.

Is the reader imaginatively drawn to the experience?

The reader has been imaginatively drawn to the experience. That is because the study applies the scientific process in moving from a problem position towards a solution.

What are the results of the study?

The study results show that BSR helps to improve nurse accountability, nurse introduction, and patient involvement.

Does the research approach fit the purpose of the study?

The purpose of the study was to collect the views of ER nurses on BSR. The research approach fits this purpose since a sample of nurse participants was recruited and interviewed.

How does the researcher identify the study approach?

The researchers identify the research approach through a comprehensive methodology section that outlines how participants were recruited, interview instruments, information analysis approach, and ethical considerations.

Are the data collection and analysis techniques appropriate?

The data collection and analysis techniques are appropriate. The data collection makes use of interviews that directly engage participants to collect data. The analysis technique outlines how themes were identified.

Is the significance/importance of the study explicit?

The significance of the study has been explicitly stated as improving communication at the bedside to ensure better care outcomes that meet the needs of patients.

Does the literature support a need for the study?

The literature supports a need for the study by showing that while past research outlined the importance of BSD, there is a need for current evidence.

What is the study’s potential contribution?

The study would support evidence-based practice (EBP) efforts that justify BSR in inpatient nursing care.

Is the sampling clear and guided by study needs?

The sapling is clear as convenience and snowball approaches. It is guided by the research needs as it ensures that ER nurses are recruited.

Does the researcher control selection of the sample?

The researcher controls the selection of the sample by determining the qualities that must be met as well as a number that ensures data saturation.

Do sample size and composition reflect the study needs?

The sample size and composition reflect the study needs by ensuring that ER nurses are well represented.

Is the phenomenon (human experience) clearly identified?

The phenomenon is clearly identified as experiences with using BSR in the ER nursing care environment.

Are data collection procedures clear?

Data collection procedures are clear, showing that face-to-face interviews were conducted using a prepared interview guide. Also, each interview lasted for between 15 minutes and 45 minutes with each participant encouraged to talk freely and use personal words.

Are sources and means of verifying data explicit?

The data sources and means of verifying data are explicit. The description of the participants shows the source of data.

Are researcher roles and activities explained?

The researcher roles are explained with interview guide showing how they collected data from participants.

Are data analysis procedures described?

Data analysis procedures are described, showing that thematic analysis was applied.

Does analysis guide directions of sampling when it ends?

Analysis guides directions of sampling by identifying the specific characteristics of the participants and where they were recruited.

Are data management processes described?

The data management process is described, showing how data was collected and analyzed.

What are the reported results (descriptive or interpretation)?

The study reported that BSR helped to improve nurse accountability, nurse introduction, and patient involvement.

How are specific findings presented?

The specific findings are presented as themes.

Are the data meanings derived from data described in context?

The data meanings derived from the data are described in context, explaining how BSR improves communication thereby helping to improve nurse accountability, nurse introduction, and patient involvement.

Does the writing effectively promote understanding?

The writing effectively promotes understanding since it applies a scientific approach with clear headings and subheadings that logically move readers through the problem, research process, findings and implications for practice.

Will the results help me care for my patients?

The results will help in the care for patients as they justify the use of BSR as standard practice since it helps to improve nurse accountability, nurse introduction, and patient involvement. The results help to support EBP that highlights the use of BSR.

Are the results relevant to persons in similar situations?

The results are relevant to ER nurses as they help to justify the use of BSR in similar situations. They highlight the benefits of BSR in the ER nursing care environment.

Are the results relevant to patient values and/or circumstances?

The results are relevant to patient values and circumstances as they show that opinions of patients are important and can be collected through a structured approach as offered by BSR.

How may the results be applied to clinical practice?

The results can be applied in clinical practice to act as evidence supporting the use of BSR in ER nursing care. The identified benefits of BSR (improve nurse accountability, nurse introduction, and patient involvement) are significant, and it is expected that applying BSR in clinical practice would present the same benefits.

Reference

Foster, C. L., Abraham, S. P., & Gillum, D. R. (2019). Emergency room nurses’ views on bedside shift reporting. International Journal of Studies in Nursing, 4(4), 55-69. URL: https://doi.org/10.20849/ijsn.v4i4677 . Qualitative Data in Nursing Discussion Paper