The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Heart Disease Nursing Essay
The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Heart Disease Nursing Essay
This chapter describes the methodology adopted in this study to assess the effectiveness of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) education package on knowledge and attitude regarding myocardial infarction among people at risk at Omayal Achi Community Health Centre, Arakampakkam, Chennai.
This phase of the study included selecting a research design, variables, setting of the study, population, sample, criteria for sample selection, sample size, sampling technique, development and description of the tool, content validity, pilot study, reliability of the tool, procedure for data collection and plan for data analysis. The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Heart Disease Nursing Essay.
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3.1 RESEARCH APPROACH
The research approach used in the study was Quantitative Research Approach.
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
The Research Design adopted for this study was pre-experimental One group – Pretest and Post test design.
Group
Pretest
O1
Intervention
X
Post test
O2
People at risk for myocardial infarction identified by the tool prepared by the investigator based on Framingham cardiovascular disease risk assessment tool
Pretest level of knowledge and attitude regarding myocardial infarction among people at risk.
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) education package, a Information Education Communication( (IEC) on myocardial infarction in which,
Information:
Is given through Lecture method which consists of meaning, causes, risk factors, manifestations, diagnostic measures, management, complications, prevention and emergency health care services of Myocardial infarction devised by the investigator.
Education:
Is given through video assisted learning which consists of prevention and emergency health care services of Myocardial infarction devised by the investigator.
Communication:
Is done through booklet which consists of meaning, causes, risk factors, manifestations, diagnostic measures, management, complications prevention and emergency health care services of Myocardial infarction devised by the investigator, (local language-Tamil)
Posttest level of knowledge and attitude regarding myocardial infarction among people at risk . The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Heart Disease Nursing Essay.
3.3 VARIABLES
3.3.1 Independent Variable
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) education package
3.3.2 Dependent Variables
Knowledge and attitude regarding myocardial infarction among people at risk.
3.3.3 Extraneous Variables
Age in years, gender, religion, educational status, occupation, income, marital status, family history, personal habits, type of chronic disease, years of dealing with chronic disease, place of treatment, duration of treatment and knowledge regarding myocardial infarction.
3.4 SETTING OF THE STUDY
The study was conducted at Omayal Achi Community Health Centre at Arakampakkam, Chennai which has adopted 43 villages rendering comprehensive health care services to 49,000 population.
3.5 POPULATION
3.5.1 Target Population
The target population for the study were all the people who are at risk for myocardial infarction
3.5.2 Accessible Population
Accessible population for the study were all the people at risk visiting OPD at Omayal Achi Community Health Centre.
3.6 SAMPLE
The people at risk for myocardial infarction who fulfilled the inclusive criteria were the samples for this study.
3.7 SAMPLE SIZE
The sample size for this study comprised of 100 male and female adults who fulfilled the inclusive criteria
3.8 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
As people only at risk to be the samples Purposive sampling technique was adopted for this study.
3.9 CRITERIA FOR SAMPLE SELECTION
3.9.1 Inclusive Criteria
People who are willing to participate.
People who are able to comprehend and respond the questions.
People who are between the age group of 30-70yrs.
3.9.2 Exclusive Criteria
People who are having sensory impairment.
People who already attended educational programme regarding cardio vascular disease. The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Heart Disease Nursing Essay.
People who are at risk and not attended the OPD at Omayal Achi Community Health centre during the time of data collection.
3.10 Development and description of the tool
After an extensive review of literature and discussion with experts, a structured questionnaire was constructed as a tool for the study.
The tool constructed in this study was constructed in to two parts.
3.10.1 Part – A:
Demographic variables of people at risk for myocardial infarction like age, gender, Education, Occupation, Family History, Marital Status, Personal habits, type of chronic disease, Years of dealing with chronic diseases, place of treatment, duration of treatment and knowledge regarding myocardial infarction.
3.10.2 Part – B:
3.10.2.1 Knowledge
Structured questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge regarding myocardial infarction among people at risk. It consisted of 20 Structured Interview schedule based on knowledge regarding myocardial infarction. The Questions were segregated as follows.
S.No.
Questions
Number of Items
1.
Meaning of Myocardial infarction
2
2.
Causes and Risk factors of Myocardial infarction
5
3.
Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Measures of Myocardial infarction
4
4.
Complication of Myocardial infarction
I
5.
Emergency health care services of Myocardial infarction
1
6.
Prevention of Myocardial infarction
7
Total
20
Scoring Key
The Structured questionnaire consisted of totally multiple choice Questions having one correct answer, hence each correct answer will be given one mark, and wrong answer will be given (0) mark. Thus totaling maximum of 30 marks to interpret the level of knowledge. The raw score was converted to percentage to interpret the level of knowledge. The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Heart Disease Nursing Essay. The level of knowledge were categorized as
< 50% – Inadequate level of knowledge.
51 – 75% – Moderately adequate level of knowledge
>75% – Adequate level of knowledge.
Attitude
Four point likert scale was used to assess the attitude on myocardial infarction among people at risk .
Scoring Key
Modified 4 points likert scale consisted of 10 statements to assess the attitude towards myocardial infarction among people at risk. Out of 10 statements, 5 statements were positively worded. The raw score was converted to percentage to interpret the level of attitude.
The scoring for Positive and Negative statements are given Below.
S.No.
Questions
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
1.
Positive
4
3
2
1
2.
Negative
1
2
3
4
< 50% – Unfavorable attitude
50 – 75% – Moderately favorable attitude
< 75% – Favorable attitude
3.11 CONTENT VALIDITY
The content validity of the data collection and intervention tool was ascertained by opinion from experts in the field of community health nursing and community medicine.
Modifications were made as per the experts suggestions and were incorporated in the tool to conduct the main study.
3.12 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
The ethical principle followed in study were
Beneficiary
3.12.1 Freedom from Harm and Discomfort
The study participants were not subjected to necessary risks for harm during study period.
3.12.2 Respect for Human Dignity
The participants were given full rights to ask question, refuse to give information and also to withdraw from the study. The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Heart Disease Nursing Essay.
Written consent form was obtained from the participants initially for the willingness to participate in the study.
3.12.3 Protection from Exploitation
The participants were assured that their participation or information they provided would not be used to harm them any way.
.4 Justice
The selection of study participants was completely based on research requirements. A full privacy was maintained through the process of data collection.
3.13 PILOT STUDY
The pilot study is the trial run for major study. The pilot study was conducted after obtaining the formal permission from the Principal, Omayal Achi College of Nursing and the councilor of Gudiyattam Taluk. The investigator conducted the pilot study by selecting 10 samples who fulfilled the inclusive criteria. The pilot study was conducted for the period of one week.
The investigator introduced the study to the people at risk and obtained the written consent for their willingness to participate in the study and to take the blood sample to check the serum cholesterol level. The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Heart Disease Nursing Essay. The investigator explained the purpose of the study and reassured them on the confidentiality of the information being given during the study. The people were made to sit comfortably in well ventilated room, the investigator sat face to face for conducting the pretest by using structured interview schedule and 4 point likert attitude scale on myocardial infarction. It took about 45mins for assessing the knowledge and attitude regarding myocardial infarction. The Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) education package was given for about 30mins after the pretest. The 10 people at risk were made to gather in the common place for the intervention of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) education package. Post test was done after 7 days to assess the mean improvement in knowledge and attitude on myocardial infarction among people at risk .
The gathered pilot study data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. There was high statistically difference in the pre and post test result with ‘t’ value 9.00 at p< 0.001. The findings of the reliability test revealed that the tool was feasible to conduct the main study.
3.14 RELIABILITY
The reliability of the tool was established by using test-retest method for knowledge related questions and split half method was used for the attitude statements. The reliability score was r= 0.84 for knowledge and r=0.96 for attitude scale. It was highly reliable for the researcher to continue with the main study. The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Heart Disease Nursing Essay.
3.15 Data Collection procedure
Prior Permission was obtained from the Higher authorities of the college. HOD of Department of Community health Nursing and also from the Incharge Omayal Achi Community Health Centre where the study was conducted.
Investigator introduced self to the study population. An informed and written consent was obtained from each people prior to data collection. After giving Brief introduction and explanation on how to answer the Questions to the participants, the data was collected. Confidentiality was strictly maintained during the process of data collection The people were made to sit comfortably in well ventilated room, the investigator sat face to face for conducting the pretest by using structured interview schedule and 4 point likert attitude scale on myocardial infarction. It took about 45mins for assessing the knowledge and attitude regarding myocardial infarction. The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Heart Disease Nursing Essay.The Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) education package package was given for about 30mins after the pretest. The people at risk were made to gather in the common place for the intervention of Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) education package. Post test was done after 7 days to assess the mean improvement in knowledge and attitude on myocardial infarction among people at risk , and the data was collected during the stipulated period of 4 weeks.
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3.16 Plan for data analysis
The data was analyzed by descriptive and Inferential statistics.
3.16.1 Descriptive Statistics
Frequency and percentage distribution was used to analyze the demographic variables.
Mean and standard deviation is used to analyze the pre and post test level of knowledge and attitude.
3.16.2 Inferential Statistics
Paired ‘t’ test was used to compare the pre and post test level of knowledge and attitude.
Karl Pearson’s correlation to find out the relation between the knowledge and attitude.
Anova to associate the mean differed level of knowledge and attitude with the selected demographic variables. The Effectiveness Of Ischemic Heart Disease Nursing Essay.
